إكثار الزيتون باستخدام زراعة القمة النامية يهدف هذا البحث لدراسة تاثير عوامل مختلفة في اكثار وتطور العقل المخبرية من الزيتون صنف جلط تحت ظروف الزراعة المخبرية
تعد زراعة الزيتون في المنطقة الساحلية في الجمهورية العربية السورية من الزراعات الاقتصادية الهامة حيث ينتج عن صناعة استخراج زيت الزيتون مخلفات سائلة تدعى مياه الجفت
The objective of this research was to identify the potentials of Syrian olive
oil exports through studying the current situation of the Syrian olive oil in the
world and local markets and the most important factors effecting its
competitiveness ca
pabilities in the world markets. This study was built on
analyzing the primary data obtained from the delivered questionnaires,
searches lists and personal interviews with the exporting and manufacturing
companies (30 companies) of Syrian olive oil. Some of the economic indicators
were calculated to determine the competiveness status in the import markets.
Results indicated that the Syrian olive oil exports had suffered from low
competitiveness indicators of production which was 0.12 in the most important
import markets for the studied period. In addition, the increased pricing levels
compared with other competitors in the same markets had reached an average
of 3083.98 dollars per ton representing 106% of world export price, high
production costs, the reduction of the market penetration rate related to Syrian
olive oil exports in the most important markets amounted to about 0.245 during
the second period of the study. The low value of the dependence on export
indicator compared with the competitive countries where Syria occupied the
seventh place .This means that Syria doesn’t have a good export efficiency, lack
of marketing researches on the foreign markets, the absence of promotional
programs the restrictions applied by the European Union on the exports of
Syrian olive oil, lack of access to all distribution outlets due to the dependence
of the exported companies on the exclusive agents in the process of distribution
and marketing. The results had recommended that the establishment of a
comprehensive database and accurate studies is very necessary for the Syrian
exported products, in addition to detailed studies about the major and
promising markets to Syrian olive oil exports, iImproving the Syrian business
environment to encourage the foreign direct investment to support the
competitiveness of Syrian olive oil exports.
The research was aimed to study the effect of olive press methods on the oil quantity and quality. The results showed the following:
The method of press Olive effect to the quantity of Olive oil so the results of oil quantity from olive fruite p
ress in mechanical olive press method more above from half mechanical method and from traditional method ( the witness). The increase of quantity between mechanical and traditional method was 60% and between mechanical half mechanical method was 27% and bween half mechanical and traditional method was 28%.
The method of press Olive effect to the of Olive oil quantitatively the results of oil quantitatively from olive fruit press in mechanical olive press machines to surpass half mechanical olive press that is the flavor and color best and Acidity presumption and peroccid number is less .
The study was conducted on randomized samples of virgin olive oils
collected from Hama, Aleppo, Daraa, Latakia, Homs and Idleb to investigate
the relationship between the quality indices of oil purity (peroxide value, the
figure iodine, coefficien
t of acidity, the absorption coefficient qualitative Xultraviolet
K270 and distributed fatty acids) and related volatile flavor
components compared with what is published in the literature. The results also
showed that the quality indices of Hama and Lattakia، s samples in terms of
extra virgin olive oil and the first class of virgin olive oil were not compatible
with the Syrian Standards and metrology (2000/182) while the concentrations
of fatty acids for samples of Idleb, Homs, Latakia, Deraa and Aleppo were
within the scope of Syrian standard. However, their distribution in Hama
samples did not comply with the ratios set forth in the Syrian specifications.
Forty three volatile compounds were isolated and they correspond with what is
published. The samples of research showed somewhat of similarity to a large
extent with the exception of a sample of Hama, where a decline was observed in
the content of volatile flavored materials. It was noticed that the essential
composition of volatile compounds of the samples was aldehydes followed by
ester of fatty acids and then hydrocarbons. The study showed that the
technique used in this research was fast and efficient in extraction and
identification of volatile compounds.
بلغ الإنتاج العالمي من زيت الزيتون 2800000 طن ويحتل القطر العربي السوري المرتبة الخامسة عالمياً من حيث الإنتاج (FAo, 2007 )
هدفَ البحث إلى كشف احتمال حدوث هجرة متعاكسة بين المواد المضافة إلى البولي إيثيلـين عـالي
الكثافة المستخدم في صناعة عبوات تعبئة زيت الزيتون البكر و الزيت المعبـأ، و قـد صـممت التجربـة
بالاعتماد على حبيبات البولي إيثيلين من جهة للحصول على أعلى سطح تم
اس ممكن بزيـت الزيتـون،
و باستخدام نوعين منها أحدها أبيض اللون و الثاني أحمر، كما درس تأثير كل من زمـن التمـاس بـين
الحبيبات و الزيت و زمن تخزين الزيت من جهة أخرى. و لتحديد ما يجري فعلاً عند تخـزين الزيـت فـي
العبوات البلاستيكية بأبسط الطرائق، درس كل من رقم الحموضة، و رقم البيروكسيد، و لزوجـة الزيـت،
و كشف وجود مركبات الدايينات المهاجرة على موجة امتصاص UV)232nm) ، فضلاً عن دراسة العـد
الكلي للأحياء الدقيقة (لكشف احتمال وجود مثبطات نمو)، و الاختبارات الحسية. كما قيست إمكانية حدوث
هجرة للزيت إلى حبيبات البولي إيثيلين.
نفذت هذه الرسالة خلال موسم قطاف الزيتون 2009/2010 على صنف الزيتون الصوراني المزروع في ادلب وتم اختيار موقع واحد يصم 120 شجرة متجانسة لعمر حوالي 35 سنة .
A set of 72 samples were formalized by mixing pure olive oil with vegetable
oils: Corn, Soya bean, Sunflower, cotton by percentages of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40
percet respectively. Specific extinction at wavelengths 232nm, 266nm, 270nm
and 274nm were
measured for three replicates of each sample by using
Spectroscopy technique in ultra violet range, ΔK value (alterative of variation of
the specific extinction at the wavelength of maximum absorption near 270 nm)
and R value (EB270nm / EB232nm) were calculated.
The results showed the possibility of using ΔK value to detect the
adulteration of Olive oil up to 6.5 ±0.004%, 4.4 ±0.004 %, 0.8 ±0.006% and
0.08±0.005% for Soya bean, Corn, Sunflower and cotton oil, respectively. While
these values at 270 nm were 5±0.048%, 5.8 ±0.048%, 1.1±0.077% and
2.6±0.053% in the same arrangement. The absorption value at wavelength
232nm did not show any sign in detecting the adulteration. According to R
value, the minimum detected percentages of adulteration were 20 and 10 for
Corn and Soya been oil, Cotton and Sunflower oil subsequently .
We recommend to use ΔK to detect the adulteration of Olive oil mixed with
low percentages of vegetable oil.
