Determination of the concentrations of some ions in groundwater for drinking purposes in Jableh plain

Groundwater is a reserve and strategic reservoir of stored fresh water، It is the most important source of drinking water in many countries of the world. Groundwater is exposed to many pollutants from a various sources. The most important of these sources are pollutants from agricultural and urban activities، which are now a global problem. The research aims to study many physical and chemical properties of groundwater in Jableh plain in Lattakia, by collecting samples of groundwater from the study area and measuring a number of physical and chemical parameters (temperature ،turbidity، electrical conductivity ، pH ، fluoride، chloride، nitrates، nitrite and sulphates (.The results showed that temperature، conductivity، pH were within the allowed limits according to Syrian standards for drinking water. In contrast، the concentrations of some ions exceeded the allowed limits، such as nitrates,which it's concentration is up to 177mg / l، Indicating that there are many factors cause contamination of these water sources with nitrate .

Studying The Quality Of Ground Drinking Water resources that supplies the region ( AL-Hannadi – Fedio ) and protecting it from pollution The state of the study ( AL-Rwameya –Defa ) spring

Pollution is an important problem experienced by modern societies and the presence of polluants in water resources, especially freshones, makes them a serious and specified problem for growth and life.The purpose of the research is to evaluate the validity of the sources of drinking water and comparison with the Syrian Standards adopted in this field, as well as the calculation of their Quality Index ( Candian Quality Index )where periodic physical ,chemical and biological analysis of water samples taken from the specified sampling points were carried out in the studied area all the year round from April 2017 to March 2018 ,(The Electric Conductivity , Turbidity , Total Hardness , Ammonium , Nitrite , Nitrates , Phosphates ,Sulphates , Total Coliform , Fecal Coliform and E-Coli) were measured . It showed that the values of the physical and chemical parameters of the water samples taken from the specified sampling points achieved the allowed limits of the Syrian Standard for drinking water expect for some values of Total Hardness and Phosphate calcareous.Bacteriological pollution of water samples was found at specific sampling points throughout the year with Total Coliform , Fecal Coliform and E-Coli exceeded allowed limits in drinking water .Th classification of water in terms of drinking capacity for the first water source ( Defa Spring )was acceptable (medium – acceptable ) while its for the second water source ( AL-Rwameya Wells ) was very poor.

The effect of the polluted air which resulting of car stacks in morphology and chlorophyll concentration and the wools of leaves of Nerium oleander L.

The research was conducted to study the resistance of Nerium plant which are planting on sides of roads and the cities portals. The research was performed by studying the leaves of Nerium plant, through studying the length and weigh of the leaf, and its area and water content. In addition to studying the wools and hiatus and chlorophyll concentration, and compared the results between the polluted region which is the entry of Banias City, and the control one which is the gardens of Tishreen University. Results showed non significant reduction in length, weight and area of the leaf in the polluted region compared with the control one. It attained (16.2 cm, 0.97 g and 26.3 cm2), respectively in the polluted region. Where it was (17.8 cm, 1.25 g and 27.7 cm2), for control region, respectively. Also, there was no significant differences in water content between the two studied regions. It attained respectively (52.2 and 53.9 %). Our results showed: - That a number of hiatus decreased, whereas the wools increased in the polluted region compared with control region insignificantly. The mean of a number of it was 12 in polluted region, compared with 14 in the control region. - A simple insignificant reduction in the concentration of chlorophyll A in polluted region compared with the control, where it attained (0.93 and 0.98), respectively. The Nerium oleander plant was resistance and tolerance to the air pollution.

Estimation of total and exchangeable form of Pb and Zn in agricultural land in the Banias area subjected to the impact of thermal station emissions

This study determined total quantity and exchangeable form concentration of zinc and lead in the agricultural soils in the Banias region. Soil samples collected from five sites from the north-east of the thermal station.

التشريع البيئي

هناك تعرف علمي للبيئة يركز على الوسط الذي يعيش فيه الإنسان و تفاعله مع غيره من الكائنات الحية, و تعريف قانوني ضيق للبيئة يركز على الوسط الطبيعي الذي يعيش فيه الإنسان بما يشمله من هواء و ماء و تربة و تعريف آخر موسع يضيف للوسط الطبيعي مايقيمه الإنسان من منشآت (الوسط الاصطناعي).

Study of Some Water and Soil Pollution Parameters of Rumaila River in Jableh, Lattakia

This research was carried out during 2014 - 2015. The research aimd to describe some chemical characteristics of the river's water used for irrigation, chemically compare it with the Syrian Standards Specifications in terms of salt quantity and quality and Cd and B concentrations, water samples were taken from four observation points along the river: A (domestic), B (industrial), C (mixed) and D (estuary), also Soil samples from the river edges were also analyzed. The findings revealed that the EC value in B was 0.61 mg/l i.e. less than those of others, with significant difference 0.72, 0.74, 0.73 mg/l, respectively. The study also showed a significant increase in B and C concentration by 0.48 and 0.49 mg/l, respectively, compared with A and D by 0.4 mg/l each. A significant increase in Cd concentration was noticed for B, C and D by 0.73, 0.88 and 0.75 mg/l vs. A 0.67 mg/l. However, Cd concentration in the river water in all seasons and sites was excessive and higher than the permissible limit for water discharge into seas estimated at 0.05 mg/l, whereas the other parameters were lower than the permissible limits according to the Syrian Standards. The effect of water pollution on soil showed a significant increase in EC for B by 1.01 dS/m than others. The increase was also more significant in subsurface layer than surface one by 0.45 and 0.62 dS/m, respectively. In addition, the findings demonstrated a significant increase in Cd for C (2.67 mg/kg) than other points. The increase in Cd concentration was more significant in the surface layer (2.648 mg/kg) than the subsurface one (2.631 mg/kg), and this concentration was lower than the normal range of soil content from Cd (3 ppm).

Determination of the potential pollution sources in Al-Sourani Lake

Al-Sourani Dam was built to provide drinking water for inhabited villages in Sheikh Badr –Tartous, but the lake water is exposed to pollutants from several sources. In this paper, we discuss the mechanism of pollution and the appropriate measures, by determining some physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water in different sites. The results showed that turbidity and pH values arise in the autumn and winter especially in the water of tributaries compared with the water of the lake, this may be due to the activated runoff following rainfall in this period. Whereas the ammonium ion showed a significant increase in the lake's tail, that can be attributed to sewage residues from Broummana Al-Mashaeikh that threw directly into the lake. The results also showed remarkable seasonal changes concerning the total microorganisms in all studied sites, where the highest value was recorded in winter that reached 5.36 × 104 cells / 100 ml in Aine Alzaaror tributary. we conclude that the main source of pollution of lake's water, was the polluted water coming from Broummana Al-Mashaeikh, in addition to Aine Alzaaror tributary, that flows near a restaurant. The second source is Al-Wade Alakhdar tributary that feeds permanently the lake. So, the lake's water should be sterilized before using for drinking.

The role of the trichomes and their importance in resisting the olea europaea trees of air pollution resulting from the Banias refinery

We discussed the importance of studying the trichomes award in olive trees, leaves and its role in the resistance to these trees against pollution resulting from the Banias refinery intake, through the study of their density and distribution on a superficial paper and examine the concentration of chlorophyll in the leaves, and comparing the results between the contaminated areas and the control area . Results showed that the density of the trichomes play a role in protecting the ports of entry into force of pollutants into the plant tissue, and its impact on the pigments of photosynthesis, and thus the process of photosynthesis.

Mapping of Groundwater Vulnerability to Contamination Using (PI) Method Study area (Marqieh and Alhousen watershed ) in Tartous

The research mainaim is Mapping of Groundwater Vulnerability to Contamination Using (PI) Method toevaluatethe study area (Marqieh and Alhousen watershed ) in Tartous governorate. The area of study forms a part of the coast basin, on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea, located north of the Tartous governorate between , 34 5000,35 1000latitude in the north of the equator, and , 35 5000,36 2000 longitude in the east of the Greenwicharea covers about 700 Km2. The PI method is a GIS-based approach(We use ARCGIS .10 and the tool : Spatial Analyst Tools) , and gives special methodological tools for karstic aquifer , geological conditions , climate , relief , land use , all these conditions are mapped separately as individual maps and then integrated to achieve the groundwater vulnerability map. all the maps related to the study area was created in digital form and apply analysis processes to create vulnerability map which is a map divided to the fields and every field represents the possibility of contamination of groundwater in this region, whether high or low . The results obtainedfrom this study indicate that about 41% of the study area is under high groundwater vulnerability, 59% is under moderate, low and very low vulnerability.

Study Contribution for air quality in Tartus city by determining air basic pollutants concentrations

The concentrations were determined of the most basic air pollutants (SO2, H2S, CO, O3, NOx, TSP, PM10, PM2.5) in some vital areas in the Tartous city of and its surroundings using a mobile unit to measure air pollutants.