Al-Kabeer River Coastal Plain faces very important economic activities which lead to growing water demands. This research aims to define the relationship between rainfall and subterranean-water levels. In the mountainous area fissured marl and limest
one with high permeability spread. However, on the coastal plateau deposits with moderate to low permeability values spread, and water levels quickly respond to rainfall and irrigation water, which makes it get easily polluted and affected by climatic factors. Analyses and discussions of field data have led to the fact that subterranean-water levels are to do with many natural and artificial interrelated parameters. And in some cases, they can be adversely oriented, and difficult to isolate and monitor separately, and become very difficult to derive mathematical formula for describing the relationship between just two parameters (subterranean-water percentages and rainfall levels)
An available free groundwater were classified
hydrochemical, and determined its fitting for general uses in a part
of Damascus's Ghouta, which suffers water deficiency, where the
study carried out on groundwater samples taken from 20 wells
distri
buted on all study area, the results show that groundwater
classified hydrochemical as calcic water and non potable, and
unsuitable for domestic consumption in broad part from study area,
but arable and recommend to use in irrigation plants that have weak
resistant to salinity, and not preferable to use in industry generally,
but it's good for building and concrete works.
According to the chemical pollution danger in general and its danger on groundwater
wells in agricultural areas particularly the inhabited ones , the scientific study was
implemented to determine the concentrations of some ions in water wells withi
n the area of
Hraesoon; In addition to, monitoring their changing values which indicate the rate of
chemical pollution in the study area due to existing activities.
The search involves a monthly periodic physical and chemical analyzes in the
invested wells in Hraesoon area , Banias city for a whole year. starting from September
2011 till August 2012 by choosing ten invested wells disterbuted in the area.
The study includes the changing of temperature ,pH, electrical conductivity, and the
group of negative ions (nitrate NO3
-, phosphate PO4
3-, sulphates SO4
2-, chloride Cl-) in
addition to positive ions (ammonium NH4 +, Sodium Na +).
The values of the studied ions have demonstrated a clear disparity in each month for
the samples taken from the same wells, due to the agricultural ,human activities and
climatic conditions that prevailed during the sampling dates.
The recorded results show cases of chemical contamination in the water wells
studied not identical the Syrian standard for drinking water (2011-2012) portend a lot of
health and environmental risks, especially that many of those wells are used for drinking
purposes.
This study conducted on 30 sample of ground water, spreaded over most of the Cretaceous formations in the studied area, in order to determine origin and quality of water and evaluate it for the purposes of irrigation and drinking.
The study showed t
hat samples taken are not of the same origin, but of the same hydrochemical type of hydrocarbons. Four sets of formed salts also detected. All samples of this study were valid for irrigation water. The samples taken from Bchuna, Al-Matn, Al- Maran, Kafrdabel, Kassaben sites were safe for drinking, the rest of the samples were not because of the increase of calcium ions concentration. The sample of Ain-Kataa site had an increase in concentration of bicarbonate and potassium ions. An exceeded concentration of the limit of these electrolytes values for drinking water according to the Syrian Standard Specificationswas noticed.
Treated wastewater which comes from Adra Treatment Station is used for
irrigating a part of the agricultural lands at Damascus Eastern Ghota after
transferring it by a set of canals constructed for this purpose, Figure No. (1),
its area estimated
about 18000 hectares in addition to the adjacent areas for
comparison object, the irrigated land by this project is forming the main study
object of this research.
This area is considered as the most affected area by the agricultural and
industrial activities, increasing of population development due to its natural
resources on one side and its location near the capital of Damascus on the other
hand. The mean value of wastewater volume coming to the station has been
estimated at 485000 m3 per day [1]. Therefore, this project is considered as one
of the important projects which ensure an additional water resources for that
area where water demand increased specifically against decreasing water
resources of formerly years of aridity which considered as one of its reasons.
From this point, this research is aimed at clearing out quality changes
happened in the groundwater in the Eastern Ghota area which affected with
irrigation by treated water, that was due to observing the quality changes of
groundwater through a grid of wells and processing these analysis results by
making maps, diagrams, and graphs; then comparing them with adjacent areas
data, and to read out of these changes and reach knowledge of irrigation effect
range by this water on the groundwater quality.
The Barada River and the ground waters of Damascus Gouta are
considered as a source for irrigation and for increasing the fertility of
the soil since the very old times. But, the concentrate on the rabid
agricultural and industrial development led
to the aggravation of the
water shortage problem and its contamination by pesticides, chemical
pollutants and pathogens microbes. Therefore, this led to the exposition
of the plantations, livestock and human health risks.
This study aims to the estimation of the remaining effect of the
pesticides and the definition of the concentration of some hazardous
heavy metals as well as the study of numerical changes of the
pathological bacteria and parasites in the waters of the Barada River
tributaries and the ground waters in the Damascus Gouta under
different climatic conditions around the year.
This study also defines the potential health hazards related to such a
contamination as well as putting forward some necessary proposals and
recommendations for protecting the public health and environmental
safety in Damascus and its countryside.
It is considered the foundation is the structural element which transfers
loads applied in all load conditions to soil incorporation, thus achieving
stability and resistance and landings allowed economic and testing the
appropriate requirements.
Thus this research will conduct a comprehensive study of cracks and
landings and trends that take place in the old facilities, and to identify the
reasons for their occurrence.
The bacterial case of groundwater samples from Homs
Governorate was studied to determine the bacterial load,
Twenty-eight groundwater samples were collected from
various areas (including areas of the western, northern and
eastern governorates of
the governorate) between March and
July 2017. Where they were collected in sterile glass
containers after opening and running the water for 5 minutes
to avoid any external contamination.
Pollution is an important problem experienced by modern societies and the presence of
polluants in water resources, especially freshones, makes them a serious and specified
problem for growth and life.The purpose of the research is to evaluate the
validity of the
sources of drinking water and comparison with the Syrian Standards adopted in this field,
as well as the calculation of their Quality Index ( Candian Quality Index )where periodic
physical ,chemical and biological analysis of water samples taken from the specified
sampling points were carried out in the studied area all the year round from April 2017 to
March 2018 ,(The Electric Conductivity , Turbidity , Total Hardness , Ammonium , Nitrite
, Nitrates , Phosphates ,Sulphates , Total Coliform , Fecal Coliform and E-Coli) were
measured . It showed that the values of the physical and chemical parameters of the water
samples taken from the specified sampling points achieved the allowed limits of the Syrian
Standard for drinking water expect for some values of Total Hardness and Phosphate
calcareous.Bacteriological pollution of water samples was found at specific sampling
points throughout the year with Total Coliform , Fecal Coliform and E-Coli exceeded
allowed limits in drinking water .Th classification of water in terms of drinking capacity
for the first water source ( Defa Spring )was acceptable (medium – acceptable ) while its
for the second water source ( AL-Rwameya Wells ) was very poor.
Groundwater is a reserve and strategic reservoir of stored fresh water، It is the most
important source of drinking water in many countries of the world. Groundwater is
exposed to many pollutants from a various sources. The most important of these
sources
are pollutants from agricultural and urban activities، which are now a global problem. The
research aims to study many physical and chemical properties of groundwater in Jableh
plain in Lattakia, by collecting samples of groundwater from the study area and measuring
a number of physical and chemical parameters (temperature ،turbidity، electrical
conductivity ، pH ، fluoride، chloride، nitrates، nitrite and sulphates (.The results showed
that temperature، conductivity، pH were within the allowed limits according to Syrian
standards for drinking water. In contrast، the concentrations of some ions exceeded the
allowed limits، such as nitrates,which it's concentration is up to 177mg / l، Indicating that
there are many factors cause contamination of these water sources with nitrate .
