In this study a total of /14/ fungal genera have been isolated from seeds; seedlings roots and soilsofCypress and Pine species (brutia; canary and stone) samples brought from Hinnade's nursery, and it were: Alternaria; Rhizoctoni; Fusarium; Chaetomiu
m; Mucor; Phythophtora; Rhizopus; Aspergillus; Penicillium; Cladosporium; Saccharomyces; Sordaria; Pytiumand Trichoderma. The first 12 genera were isolated from seeds. Alternaria andFusarium appeared on alldifferent types of plants with the highest frequency of the first genus 23.3% and 36.6% of the second one on cypress. The first 5 genera were isolated from seedlings roots in addition to genus Pythium. And also the Genus Fusariumwas frequented on all study types with high frequencies reached to 58.5%onbrutia.The genusRhizoctoniawas not isolated from seeds and roots of Cypress while it was isolated from seeds and roots of all species of pine./7/ fungal genera were isolated from seedlings soils three of it (Alternaria,Aspergillus,Fusarium) were isolated from the soils of all species of plants with the highest percentages of the first 68.97% on cypress's soil and 22.22% of the second from stone pine and 35.13%of the genusFusarium from brutia. The highest frequency was for genus Fusarium 35.13% on brutia. The genusPythium was onlyisolated from the seeds and soils of brutia pine.
Species of the genus Campylobacterare recognized as the main cause of foodborne disease in both developing and developed countries. They are main causative of diarrhea and gastroenteritis worldwide. Staphylococcus bacteria especially S. aureus are re
sponsible of food poisoning due to their ability to produce enterotoxins.
Traditional methods which are used to identify bacteria are time-consuming and labor intensive and very expensive.
Thirteen isolates of Campylobacter and twenty-two isolates of Staphylococcus were isolated from a variety of foods. Traditional methods based on biochemical tests were used for identification in addition to laser light-scattering technique to discriminate isolates.
Laser light-scattering technique showed the ability to distinguish all isolate in high accuracy, rapid and low costs manner, thus it may represent a potential alternative to traditional methods to identify these bacteria.
So it is a very important issue to find new alternative methods characterized by high accuracy, low costs and rapidity in results achievement, to replace traditional methods, thus laser light-scattering may be a possible alternative
جرى توصيف 10 أصناف مختلطة، وتصنيفها، و6 أشجار غير موثقة من الزيتون المزروع في المجمع الوراثي للزيتون في درعا (محطتي إزرع وجلين) التابعين للمركز العربي (أكساد) الأولى محطة في منطقة جافة، الثانية نصف جافة.
أجريت القياسات الحيوية لتسعة معايير تابعة ل
لثمرة والنواة، جرى تحليل التباين على مستوى 5%. سجلت الصفات الكمية والنوعية للأصناف والأشجار في الجدول رقم (2) حُسِبَ دليل التشابه، وعُرِضَ في الجدول رقم (3).
استخدِمَ برنامج (NTSys) لرسم المخطط الشجيري رقم (3)، عُرِفَت الأشجار والأصناف من جديد نتيجة لهذا البحث.
The results showed that the use of both susceptible wheat cultivars to wheat stem sawfly Cephus pygmaeus (NN25, 12167) beside a cultivated wheat variety (ICPW 13172) reduce damage proportion by European wheat stem sawfly to cultivated variety 7.2-18.
2% when the experiment was carried out within the cages and 2.6 to 5.9% in field conditions. While the variety 12167 affect negatively on the life and fitness of this insect compared with variety NN25 where it cause of killing most of the larvae within its stems (54.03% in 2011 and 70.72% in the 2012) during its development, It also reduced the fertility of females, which followed its development and emerged in the following season, it was significantly less than the fertility of female emerging of NN25. Where the average female fertility of NN25 in two seasons 47.48, 48.32 egg, while the
average fertility of female of 12167 in two seasons 28.32 and 28.36 egg.
This research studies the subject of the agricultural subsidies and
how the change in it effect on the Syrian economy sectors in
general , especially on the agriculture sector to determine suitable
policies . It achieves this target by building so
cial accounting
matrix for the year 2009 and analyzes its multipliers according to
the increasing in agricultural subsidies . This research shows this
increase has negative impact on the Syrian economy so the total
output, production factors and economic agents incomes will be
decreased .
Apple plays a substantial role in both income generation and job
creation has shown an increase in export volume. Therefore ,
a study was conducted in the Governorate of Homs on apple ,
( 16 ) Villages that are well known for the growing of apple
fruits
were chosen by random sample method through season
2012 – 2013 for Study of economic indicators of irrigated and
rain fed apple in Governorate of Homs.
Study used Agricultural policy analysis matrix to define the impact
of economic policies applied on the farm budget of apple , to this
end the criteria of nominal and actual protection , profitability , and
farmers subsidies were used , and the criteria that measures the
comparative advantage is domestic resources cost .
The conclusions of the study reveal as follow :
- For fresh irrigated apple in governorate of Homs : production of
apple are feasible under private and social conditions , the value
of social revenues is greater than the value of private revenues
this means the government is taxing producers , there is finance
support by the government for this product , the effect of all
policies on prices of inputs and outputs are advantage of
producers , and there is comparative advantage to product fresh
irrigated apple in governorate of Homs because Domestic
Resource Cost ( DRC = 0.91 ) was less than one .
- For fresh rain fed apple in governorate of Homs : production of
apple are feasible under private and social conditions , there is
finance support by the government for this product , the
government is taxing domestic resources , the effect of all policies
on prices of inputs and outputs are advantage of producers , and
there is comparative advantage to product fresh rain fed apple in
governorate of Homs .
Finally , we showed appropriate recommendations to improve
Domestic Resources Cost and thus improve the Relative
advantage and competitiveness of irrigated and rain fed apple ,
whereat it included ways for the improvement of the Relative
advantage and competitiveness during the production process and internal and external marketing .
The experiment was grown in a Randomized Complete Blocks
Design with three replications during two seasons. Generations
means analysis method was used to study the genetic parameters for number of days to heading, number of days to maturity, plant
height, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike and grain yield per plant of two bread wheat crosses Triticum aestivum L. (Gairwel7 x Douma4), (Azaz1 x Soued), Results have shown that
both additive and dominance genetic effects were high significant in most evaluated traits, with predominance of the dominance genetic effects’ values. Also, epistatic genetic effects have contributed to inheritance of most studied traits. The signs of dominance and dominance x dominance were opposite in most examined traits indicating duplicate epistasis for all studied traits of the first cross and for number of days to maturity, plant height and number of grains per spike of the second cross, that indicates that the selection for these traits should be delayed after several generations. High phenotypic variations were composed of high genotypic variations and less of environmental variations, indicating the presence of high genetic variability for different traits and less influence of environment. Highly significant heterosis relative to mid and better parents in F1 was recorded for most characters, accompanied with inbreeding depression for all traits in
F2. Narrow sense heritability and genetic advance were low in most cases due to the dominant of non-additive genetic action in controlling the genetic variation of the most studied traits.
This paper, we evaluated some varieties of local cheeses. samples were collected randomly from various production sites in Homs. Chemical and microbiological analyses were applied to determine their suitability to the Syrian standards.
This study sh
ows that 54% of Baladi cheese samples, 25% of Akkawi(Cows), 18% of Akkawi(Sheep), 12% of Kashkawan ,2 %of
Chelal samples, that 2% of Halloumi cheese samples, and 8% of Msannara cheese samples contained Escherichia coli bacterium.
This results also indicate that 15% of Baladi cheese samples, 12% of Akkawi(Cows), 8% of Kashkawan cheese,4 %of Chelal cheese, and 8% of Msannara samples contained Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. As well as the percentage of Baladi cheese samples containing Salmonella bacteria was 8%, and Akkawi(Cows) cheese samples was 4%, and 2% in Msannara cheese samples.
This study indicated that local cheeses have no uniform or standardized chemical characteristics. This study shows that 67% of
Baladi cheese samples, 33% of Akkawi(Cows), 83 %of Chelal , and 100% of Kashkawan samples were contrary to the Syrian Normal Standard for dry matter. And all samples of cheese identical to the Syrian Normal Standard for sodium chloride 100%.
This research is done in an experiment by plaster in the
circumstances of Homs. The aim of this paper to study the effect of
adding four different levels of phosphogypsum as much as (0.00,
6.72, 13.44, 20.16)ton / hectare (three replicates for eac
h treatment)
on bulk density and structure stability for clay soil has taken from
(Kattina).
The results showed improvement in the stability of the structure of
soil specially (0.25-1)mm, increasing in aggregation degree ,
increasing of the rate of total porosity ,air filled porosity in
comparison to the control at the two levels(13.44, 20.16)ton/hectare
and also by increasing the added level . Whereas the dispersion
ratio , and Bulk density were decreased when increasing the level
of phosphogypsum at the same two levels.
The main achieved results in this study showed , a significant
increase in aggregation degree in the soil when increasing the ratio
of the added phosphogypsum at the levels( 6.72, 13.44, 20.16) in
comparasion with control .
In other way the dispersion ratio was decreased and had negative
relationship when increasing the level of the added
phosphogypsum in comparasion with control .
The impact of larvae feeding of of the agromyzid fly (Phytomyza orobanchia Kalt., and curculionid weevil (Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll.), inside shoots and seed capsules of branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) which infested tomato, in some phenologi
cal parameters: shoot length, number capsules/shoot, wet and dry weight of shoot, were determined. The results indicate to the efficacy of larvae feeding in reduction of O. ramosa bio-mass, it caused significant reduction in the values of all studied parameters, of infested branched broomrape plants in comparison to healthy ones, While the mixed infestation of the both insects caused higher reduction in the values of these parameters, with high significant differences in: shoot length, number capsules/ shoot, and wet weight of infested shoot, in comparison with healthy ones. the reduction rate which resulted from mixed infestation reached to 55.5%, 58.8%, 76.7%, 57.2% for shoot length, number capsules/ shoot, wet weight and dry weigh respectively. The results indicate to the potential role of P. orobanchia and S. cyaneus in reduction the density of O. ramosa in tomato fields, at the Syrian coastal region.
