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Estimation of Some Genetic Parameters for phenological, Morphological and productivity Traits in Two Bread Wheat Crosses

تقدير بعض المعايير الوراثية لصفات فينولوجية و شكلية و إنتاجية في هجينين من القمح الطري

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 Publication date 2014
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The experiment was grown in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replications during two seasons. Generations means analysis method was used to study the genetic parameters for number of days to heading, number of days to maturity, plant height, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike and grain yield per plant of two bread wheat crosses Triticum aestivum L. (Gairwel7 x Douma4), (Azaz1 x Soued), Results have shown that both additive and dominance genetic effects were high significant in most evaluated traits, with predominance of the dominance genetic effects’ values. Also, epistatic genetic effects have contributed to inheritance of most studied traits. The signs of dominance and dominance x dominance were opposite in most examined traits indicating duplicate epistasis for all studied traits of the first cross and for number of days to maturity, plant height and number of grains per spike of the second cross, that indicates that the selection for these traits should be delayed after several generations. High phenotypic variations were composed of high genotypic variations and less of environmental variations, indicating the presence of high genetic variability for different traits and less influence of environment. Highly significant heterosis relative to mid and better parents in F1 was recorded for most characters, accompanied with inbreeding depression for all traits in F2. Narrow sense heritability and genetic advance were low in most cases due to the dominant of non-additive genetic action in controlling the genetic variation of the most studied traits.


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Research summary
تناول البحث دراسة المعايير الوراثية لصفات فينولوجية وشكلية وإنتاجية في هجينين من القمح الطري، باستخدام تحليل متوسطات الأجيال. تم تنفيذ التجربة بتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة بثلاثة مكررات خلال موسمين زراعيين. شملت الصفات المدروسة عدد الأيام حتى الإسبال، وعدد الأيام حتى النضج، وارتفاع النبات، وعدد السنابل في النبات، وعدد الحبوب في السنبلة، والغلّة الحبية في النبات. أظهرت النتائج أن الفعلين الوراثيين التراكمي والسيادي كانا عاليي المعنوية في أغلب الصفات، مع تفوق الفعل الوراثي السيادي. كما ساهم الفعل الوراثي التقوّقي في وراثة معظم الصفات، مما يشير إلى أن الانتخاب لهذه الصفات يجب أن يتم بعد عدة أجيال. تبين أيضاً أن تأثير البيئة كان محدوداً في وراثة معظم الصفات المدروسة عدا صفة الغلة الحبية في النبات. كما أظهرت معظم الصفات قيماً منخفضة إلى متوسطة لدرجة التوريث بمفهومها الضيق، مما يؤكد أن معظم الصفات المدروسة خاضعة للفعل الوراثي اللاتراكمي، مما ينبئ بقيم منخفضة إلى متوسطة للتقدم الوراثي من خلال عملية الانتخاب.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: يعتبر البحث ذو أهمية كبيرة في مجال تحسين القمح الطري، حيث يقدم معلومات قيمة حول الفعل الوراثي للصفات الفينولوجية والشكلية والإنتاجية. ومع ذلك، يمكن أن يكون هناك بعض النقاط التي تحتاج إلى تحسين. على سبيل المثال، قد يكون من المفيد توسيع نطاق الدراسة لتشمل المزيد من الهجن والصفات، مما يمكن أن يعطي نتائج أكثر شمولية. كما أن الاعتماد على تحليل متوسطات الأجيال فقط قد يكون محدوداً، ويمكن تعزيز الدراسة باستخدام طرق تحليلية أخرى مثل التحليل التبادلي. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن أن يكون هناك حاجة لمزيد من الدراسات لتحديد تأثير العوامل البيئية بشكل أكثر دقة على الصفات المدروسة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الصفات الفينولوجية والشكلية والإنتاجية التي تم دراستها في البحث؟

    تم دراسة عدد الأيام حتى الإسبال، وعدد الأيام حتى النضج، وارتفاع النبات، وعدد السنابل في النبات، وعدد الحبوب في السنبلة، والغلّة الحبية في النبات.

  2. ما هو الفعل الوراثي الذي كان له التأثير الأكبر في الصفات المدروسة؟

    كان الفعل الوراثي السيادي هو الذي له التأثير الأكبر في الصفات المدروسة، حيث تفوق على الفعل الوراثي التراكمي.

  3. ما هو تأثير البيئة على الصفات المدروسة؟

    كان تأثير البيئة محدوداً في وراثة معظم الصفات المدروسة عدا صفة الغلة الحبية في النبات.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمها الباحثون بناءً على نتائج الدراسة؟

    أوصى الباحثون بمتابعة العمل على كلا الهجينين حتى الوصول إلى سلالات متماثلة وراثياً، وإجراء الانتخاب في الأجيال الانعزالية المتأخرة نظراً لأهمية الفعل الوراثي اللاتراكمي في وراثة الصفات المدروسة.


References used
Abd El-Majeed, S. E. A. 2005. Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and its components in durum wheat (Triticum durum, Desf.). Fayoum J. Agric. Res & Dev, 19 (1): 1-7
Abd El-Rahman, M. E. 2013. Estimation of Some Genetic Parameters through Generation Mean Analysis in Three Bread Wheat Crosses. Alex. J. Agric. Res, 58(3): 183‐195
Abd El-Rahman, M. E. and S.M. Hammad. 2009. Estimation of some genetic parameters for some agronomic characteristics in three crosses of bread wheat. J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ, 34(2): 1091-1100
Abul-Nass, A. A., M. A. Mahrous and A. A. El-Hosary. 1993. Genetical studies on grain yield and some of its components in barly (Hordeum vulgar L.) Egypt j. Agron, 18 (1-2): 33-46
Allard, R. W. 1960. Principles of plant breeding. New York, John Wiley, PP. 485
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The present study was conducted at the First of May Station belongs to the General Commission For Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) at Damascus during 2011 and 2012 growing seasons to estimate gene action, heritability, genotypic and phenot ypic coefficient variations (GCV, PCV) and genetic advance for two crosses of soybean. The five population (P1, P2, F1, F2, F3) of each cross were grown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in order to evaluate oil and protein contents and seed yield traits. Results of mean square analysis showed significant differences (p<0.05) among mean values of the five populations for all studied traits between the populations of each cross. The second cross achieved high broad and narrow sense heritability (66%, 44%) for protein content, high value of phenotypic and genotypic variations in seed yield in the second cross achieved (18.03,17.30) and high value of expected genetic advance was obtained 11.09%. In most traits, epistasis of the dominance × dominance type of gene action occupied the first rank in order of importance in controlling inheritance of the evaluate traits in both crosses indicating the importance of selection in late segregating generations to improve these traits. These findings are supported by high values of heritability, which was related with low to moderate expected genetic advance in two crosses.
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