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Register a new userEstimation of Some Genetic Parameters for phenological, Morphological and productivity Traits in Two Bread Wheat Crosses
تقدير بعض المعايير الوراثية لصفات فينولوجية و شكلية و إنتاجية في هجينين من القمح الطري
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Aِl-Baath University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2014
fields
Agricultural Engineering
and research's language is
العربية
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نفذ البحث وفق تصميم القطّاعات العشوائيّة الكاملة بثلاثة مكرّرات خلال موسمين زراعيين، و استخدمت طريقة تحميل متوسطات الأجيال لد ا رسة المعايير الوراثيّة لصفات عدد الأيام حتى الإسبال، و عدد الأيام حتى النضج، و ارتفاع النبات، و عدد السنابل في النبات، و عدد الحبوب في السنبلة، و الغلة الحبية في النبات لهجينين فرديين من القمح الطري Triticum aestivum L(غيرويل7× دوما4), و(عزاز1 ×سويد). وخلصت النتائج إلى أن الفعلين الوراثيين التراكمي و السيادي كانا عاليا المعنويّة في أغلب الصفات المدروسة مع تفوّق في الفعل الوراثي السيادي على الفعل الوراثي التراكمي، كما ساهم الفعل الوراثي التفوّقي في وراثة معظم الصفات المدروسة، مما يشير إلى أن الانتخاب لمثل هذه الصفات يجب أن يتم بعد عدّة أجيال. و تبين أيضاً أن تأثير البيئة كان محدوداً في وراثة معظم الصفات المدروسة عدا صفة الغلة الحبية في النبات، و ذلك لتفوّق في معامل التباين المظهري على معامل التباين الوراثي، و ترافقت القيم العالية المعنويّة لقوّة الهجين قياساً لمتوسط الأبوين و الأب الأفضل في الجيل الأوّل F 1 مع تدىورٍ وراثيّ مصاحب للتربية الذاتيّة في الجيل الثاني F 2 الهجين كما أظهرت معظم الصفات قيماً منخفضة . إلى متوسطة لدرجة التوريث بمفهومها الضيّق، مما يؤكد على أن معظم الصفات المدروسة خاضعة في وراثتها للفعل الوراثي اللاتراكمي الذي بدوره ينبئ بقيم منخفضة إلى متوسطة لمتقدّم الوراثي من خلال عمليّة الانتخاب.
The experiment was grown in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replications during two seasons. Generations means analysis method was used to study the genetic parameters for number of days to heading, number of days to maturity, plant height, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike and grain yield per plant of two bread wheat crosses Triticum aestivum L. (Gairwel7 x Douma4), (Azaz1 x Soued), Results have shown that both additive and dominance genetic effects were high significant in most evaluated traits, with predominance of the dominance genetic effects’ values. Also, epistatic genetic effects have contributed to inheritance of most studied traits. The signs of dominance and dominance x dominance were opposite in most examined traits indicating duplicate epistasis for all studied traits of the first cross and for number of days to maturity, plant height and number of grains per spike of the second cross, that indicates that the selection for these traits should be delayed after several generations. High phenotypic variations were composed of high genotypic variations and less of environmental variations, indicating the presence of high genetic variability for different traits and less influence of environment. Highly significant heterosis relative to mid and better parents in F1 was recorded for most characters, accompanied with inbreeding depression for all traits in F2. Narrow sense heritability and genetic advance were low in most cases due to the dominant of non-additive genetic action in controlling the genetic variation of the most studied traits.
References used
Abd El-Majeed, S. E. A. 2005. Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and its components in durum wheat (Triticum durum, Desf.). Fayoum J. Agric. Res & Dev, 19 (1): 1-7
Abd El-Rahman, M. E. 2013. Estimation of Some Genetic Parameters through Generation Mean Analysis in Three Bread Wheat Crosses. Alex. J. Agric. Res, 58(3): 183‐195
Abd El-Rahman, M. E. and S.M. Hammad. 2009. Estimation of some genetic parameters for some agronomic characteristics in three crosses of bread wheat. J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ, 34(2): 1091-1100
Abul-Nass, A. A., M. A. Mahrous and A. A. El-Hosary. 1993. Genetical studies on grain yield and some of its components in barly (Hordeum vulgar L.) Egypt j. Agron, 18 (1-2): 33-46
Allard, R. W. 1960. Principles of plant breeding. New York, John Wiley, PP. 485
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The Experiment was conducted during the successive growing
seasons (2013/2014- 2014/2015) where half–diallel hybridization was
conducted between eight genotypes of bread wheat.
The present study was conducted at the First of May Station belongs to the
General Commission For Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) at
Damascus during 2011 and 2012 growing seasons to estimate gene action,
heritability, genotypic and phenot
ypic coefficient variations (GCV, PCV) and
genetic advance for two crosses of soybean. The five population (P1, P2, F1, F2,
F3) of each cross were grown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD)
with three replications in order to evaluate oil and protein contents and seed
yield traits. Results of mean square analysis showed significant differences
(p<0.05) among mean values of the five populations for all studied traits
between the populations of each cross. The second cross achieved high broad
and narrow sense heritability (66%, 44%) for protein content, high value of
phenotypic and genotypic variations in seed yield in the second cross achieved
(18.03,17.30) and high value of expected genetic advance was obtained 11.09%.
In most traits, epistasis of the dominance × dominance type of gene action
occupied the first rank in order of importance in controlling inheritance of the
evaluate traits in both crosses indicating the importance of selection in late
segregating generations to improve these traits. These findings are supported
by high values of heritability, which was related with low to moderate expected
genetic advance in two crosses.
The research was conducted at the Maize Researches Department, General
Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus,
Syria during the summer growing seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012. Treatments
were arranged in a Randomized
Complete Blocks Design with three
replications. The research aimed to evaluate genetic parameters for some traits
like days to 50% silking, plant and ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number
of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight and grain yield
per plant using generations means analysis of two maize hybrids (IL.292-06 ×
IL.565-06, IL.459-06 × IL.362-06) to detect epistasis and estimates of mean
effect [m], additive [d], dominance [h], additive × additive [i], additive ×
dominance [j] and dominance × dominance [l] parameters. Results showed that
the additive - dominance model was adequate to demonstrate the genetic
variation and its importance in the inheritance of most studied traits. Nonallelic
gene interaction was operating in the control of genetic variation in most
studied traits. The signs of [h] and [l] were opposite in most studied traits for
the two crosses. Also, the inheritance of all studied traits was controlled by
additive and non-additive genetic effects, but dominance gene effects play the
major role in controlling the genetic variation of the most studied traits,
suggesting that the improvement of those characters need intensive selection
through later generations. The phenotypic variations were greater than
genotypic variations for all studied traits in the two crosses, indicating greater
influence of environment in the expression of these traits. Highly significant
heterosis relative to mid and better parents, respectively was found for all
characters, and this accompanied with inbreeding depression for all traits.
Narrow sense heritability and genetic advance were low in most of the traits
due to the dominance of non-additive gene action in controlling the genetic
variation of the most studied traits and this predict low to medium values of
genetic advance through selection process.
A pot experiment was conducted in a green house at Tishreen University in which bread
wheat (cv. Sham 6) was grown at different levels of potassium nutrition (K0=0, K1=25,
K2=50, K3=75, K4=100, K5=150) mg k/kg soil. The increase in potassium fertil
ization
rates led to a significant increase in the number of total tillers and fertile tillers on the
expense of non-fertile tillers. This was accompanied with no significant increase in
number of main stems spikes grains, while the tillers spikes of the first level of potassium
application (K1) was higher significantly compared to control treatment (K0). The same
treatment (K1) gave the best weight of grain on the main stems spikes and tillers. The
productivity of grain yield increased (but non-significantly) with increasing the level of
potassium fertilization. The highest yield value was obtained in K5 treatment which was
13933 kg /ha. This productivity constitutes a rate of increase 18% compared to the control
treatment (K0). The calculation of Agronomic Efficiency (AE) showed a high value of
(about 13 kg seeds/kg of K fertilizer added) in the K1 treatment, and thereafter, AE
gradually decreased with potassium fertilization to reach about 6 kg grain/kg K fertilizer
for K4 and K5 treatments (100 and 150 mg K/kg).
The present investigation was conducted during 2010/2011 and 2011/2012
growing seasons at Karahta station for field crops research, General
Commission for Scientific Agricultural Researches (G.C.S.A.R.), Syria. Forty
five hybrids F1 produced using
a half diallel cross among ten bread wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, in 2010/2011 season, were evaluated during
2011/2012 season in order to study som of the genetic parameters for grain
yield per plant, its components, some morphophysiological and quality traits to
determine the basic criteria for selection.
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