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Register a new userThe Influence of adding different Levels of phospho-gypsum on bulk density and structure stability of clay soil
تأثير إضافة مستويات مختلفة من الفوسفوجبسيوم في الكثافة الظاهرية و ثباتية بناء التربة الطينية
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Aِl-Baath University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2014
fields
Agricultural Engineering
and research's language is
العربية
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Shamra Editor
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نفذ هذا البحث في تجربة أصص بظروف مدينة حمص و ذلك لدراسة تأثير أربعة مستويات مختلفة من الفوسفوجبسيوم(0.0 و 6.72 و 13.44 و 20.6) طن/ه و ذلك بثلاثة مكررات لكل منها في قيمة الكثافة الظاهرية و ثباتية بناء التربة الطينية,مأخوذة من قرية (قطينة), تبين وجود تحسن في ثباتية البناء خاصة الحبيبات التي أقطارها (0.25-1)مم, و ارتفاع في درجة التحبب, و زيادة نسبة كل من المسامية الكلية و مسامية التهوية عند المعاملتين(13.44 و 20.16) طن/ه, و حتى بزيادة المعدل المضاف , بينما انخفضت نسبة تفكك التربة و قيمة الكثافة الظاهرية بزيادة معدل الفوسفوجبسيوم المضاف عند نفس المستويين السابقين. و قد أظهرت نتائج التحليل الإحصائي وجود فروق معنوية في درجة تحبب التربة مع ارتفاع مستويات الفوسفوجبسيوم المضاف و ذلك عند المعاملات (6.72,13.44,20.16)طن/ه بالمقارنة مع الشاهد, و بالمقابل فقد انخفضت نسبة التفكك و كانت علاقتها عكسية, بازدياد كمية الفوسفوجبسيوم المضاف مقارنة مع الشاهد.
This research is done in an experiment by plaster in the circumstances of Homs. The aim of this paper to study the effect of adding four different levels of phosphogypsum as much as (0.00, 6.72, 13.44, 20.16)ton / hectare (three replicates for each treatment) on bulk density and structure stability for clay soil has taken from (Kattina). The results showed improvement in the stability of the structure of soil specially (0.25-1)mm, increasing in aggregation degree , increasing of the rate of total porosity ,air filled porosity in comparison to the control at the two levels(13.44, 20.16)ton/hectare and also by increasing the added level . Whereas the dispersion ratio , and Bulk density were decreased when increasing the level of phosphogypsum at the same two levels. The main achieved results in this study showed , a significant increase in aggregation degree in the soil when increasing the ratio of the added phosphogypsum at the levels( 6.72, 13.44, 20.16) in comparasion with control . In other way the dispersion ratio was decreased and had negative relationship when increasing the level of the added phosphogypsum in comparasion with control .
References used
Aggasi M; Shainberg F . and Morin .(1990) slope aspect and phosphgypsum effects on run off and erosion . Soil Sci . A M ,J . 54 .PP: 1102 -1106
Aggasi M . and Ben- Hur. M(1991): Effect of slope length aspect and phosphgypsum on run off and erosion from steep slopes . Aust j . Socil .Res . 29 .pp 197-207
Appleyard,F.C.,(1980) Gypsum industry in the United State :An overview. FIPR. Pub1. 01-001-017. pp.57-85
Baruah, T .C and Barthakur H.P. (1997): A textbook of soil analysis. Vicas Publishing House PVT LTD
Berish, C.W. (1990): Polential environmental hazards of phosphogypsum storage in central florida In: proceeding of the third international symposium of phosphogypsum. Orland FL.FIPR . pub. No.01-060-086.Vol.2pp.1-29
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A field experiment was conducted for two years 2011-2012 to evaluate the effect of various tillage implements, tillage depths and nitrogen fertilizer timing application on soil bulk density, its moisture, and peanut growth. Three different implements
were used: moldboard (MP), chisel (CP) and disk ploughs (DP). Tillage depth treatments (split-plots) included (8-10) cm, (18- 20) cm and (28- 30) cm tillage depths; D1, D2 ,D3 respectively. Timing applications (split-split- plots) were: T1 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at planting ,T2 half nitrogen applied at planting and half at flowering ,T3 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at flowering.
All tillage implements decreased soil bulk density for the tillage depth. They were for treatments (DP,CP,MP) at (0-10)cm depth (1.31,1.33,1.29) g/cm3, (1.31,1.32,1.31) g/cm3 at (10-20) cm depth and (1.36,1.37,1.35)g/cm3at(20-30) cm depth. Soil moisture increased in treatments (DP,CP) with increasing tillage depth .There was no effect of previous factors on main branches, but timing of nitrogen fertilizers (T1, T2) effected secondary branches significantly compared to T3. Moldboard significantly increased leaf area to (1.77) m2/plant compared to chisel (CP) and disk ploughs (DP). Also D2, D3 increased leaf area compared to D1. (T1, T2) significantly increased leaf area compared to T1. Interaction between timing of application and depth (D3 xT2) gave significant differences. The best value was (1.85) m2/plant for the two years.
The research was conducted at the poultry farm in Kharabo, Faculty of
Agriculture, Damascus University. 1080 chicks of Lohman hybrid, one day old,
distributed randomly and equally into six different groups, G1….G6 (180
chicks/ group) with three re
plicates in each group (60 chicks per replicate).
Chicks in all groups were fattened for 42 days on Diets composed of vegetarian
feeding stuffs, based on corn, soya bean meal and different additives. Chicks of
G1 were fed on the main diet without adding iron or copper. The chicks in G2
and G3 were fed on the main diet mixed with 80 and 160 ppm of iron
respectively. The vhicks of G4 were also fed on the main diet mixed with 8 ppm
of copper. The Chicks of G5 and G6 were fed on the main diet mixed with iron
and copper (80 and 8 ppm) and (160 and 8 ppm), respectively. Results
demonstrated that adding iron and/or copper to the broiler diet was safe for
chickens up to 42 days of age and did not affect significantly on carcass
parameters. Supplementation of broiler diet with 8 ppm of copper was not
associated with accumulation of copper in the tissues of liver, leg bone, breast,
and thigh. Adding 80-160 ppm of iron to the broiler diets was not associated
with high level of accumulation of iron in the tissues of breast and thigh but
with high concentrations (p < 0.05) in the tissues of liver and leg bone.
The study was taken place at the experimental station (kharabo), Faculty of
Agriculture, Damascus University, 1464 - one day old chicks of the hybrid
Lohmann were used to determine the effect of adding different levels of
methionine without or wit
h lysine on some of carcass traits. Chicks were
divided randomly and equally into 8 groups (183 each) at the first day with 3
replicates for every group (61 each).
Among the factors affecting the movement of water in the soil are soil properties (structure and texture).
The rate of components of soil minerals and organic material has an effect on its bulk density. As the
surface soil has organic matter more t
han subsurface soil in general, the bulk density increases with soil
depth, so the research aims to study the effect of changing soil bulk density with depth on wetting front
advance under a trickle line source. The experimental work included a nine laboratory tests for
monitoring the advancement of the wetting front with time, The water advance and water distribution
measurement are carried out for three cases of the soil profile with the change of bulk density along soil
depth (0.00923,0.00462,0) gm/cm 3/cm: first case with the soil changed bulk density from 1.2 gm/cm 3 at
the soil surface and gradually to 1.8 gm/cm 3 at a maximum depth of the profile, the second case with the
soil changing bulk density from 1.5 gm / cm 3 to 1.8 gm / cm 3, and the third case homogeneous soil with
bulk density 1.2 gm / cm 3, and using three application flow rates 1.3,2.6,3.9 cm 3 / min / cm.
The study showed that with the increase in the change of bulk density along soil depth there is a small
increase in horizontal advance and almost non-existent increase in vertical advance while they are clear
and tangible in diagonal advance. It also showed that the amount of the increase in the vertical advance is
greater than in the horizontal advance and be could be in diagonal advance when increasing the
application flow rate, and all of the horizontal advance, vertical advance and the diagonal advance of the
wetting front increase with the decrease of the application flow rate when applied in the same volume of
water.
The study has shown that the apparent bulk density of soil increases with the increase
of compression and moisture during press. The maximum rate of increase in depth was 0 –
20 cm that amounted 0.38g/cm3 at compression by 257.44-kilopascal and moi
sture
average at compression by 19.03% (equal to 60% of the field capacity average of the soil)
in comparison with the non-existence of compression. In addition, the size of the pores
bigger than 50 microns decreased at the same above compression and above moisture in
depth of zero – 20 cm by 20.20%. The size of pores bigger than 10 microns decreased by
20.65% in comparison with the non-existence of compression. While it was noted that the
the maximum loss of root yield that amounted 17.52%, at compression by 257.44
kilopascal, and moisture 19.03%.
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