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Phoenician in Greek Classical Sources (The study of the nature information about Phoenician according to Homerous and Herodotus)

الفينيقيون في المصادر الكلاسيكية الإغريقية (دراسة لطبيعة المعلومات الواردة عن الفينيقيين عند كل من هوميروس وهيرودوت).

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 Publication date 2023
  fields History
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The cities of the Canaanite civilization flourished on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean, and its centers extended from the Iskenderun region in northern Syria to Palestine, and it was famous for its cities: Ugarit, Arwad, Jbeil, Beirut, Tyre, Jericho, Acre and Gaza as major cities, with the presence of other smaller civilized centers. Part of this civilization has been spread in Syria and Lebanon. For example, the archaeological discovery of the centers of the Canaanite civilization, but the archaeological data provided by the discovered cities on the level of human civilization were very important, and it is an issue that raises the need for archaeological excavations, and the beginning of the historical Canaanite presence in its Syrian cultural and civilizational milieu. And if the Canaanite civilization left in its mother land, Syria, many achievements and cultural and cultural data, which is a rich field for historical and archaeological studies, but its cultural and civilizational radiation was not limited to the Syrian land, as it spread throughout the known ancient world, specifically in the West, where The Greeks knew it at the beginning of their civilization, and they called the Canaanites the name of the Phoenicians and their civilization, the Phoenician civilization, where their oldest historical and written sources spoke about the Canaanites, and provided a lot of important information about the Canaanite civilization. Hence, looking at the information related to the information contained in the original (Greek) sources, shedding light on it, and dealing with it with a scientific methodology to clarify it and present it to researchers and postgraduate students to benefit from it in its history and archaeology.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة التي أعدها الدكتور سليمان سمير غانم، الحضارة الفينيقية من خلال المصادر الكلاسيكية الإغريقية، وتحديداً من خلال أعمال هوميروس وهيرودوت. تستعرض الدراسة المعلومات التي قدمها هؤلاء المؤرخين والشعراء عن الفينيقيين، وتسلط الضوء على الجوانب الحضارية والثقافية والتجارية لهذا الشعب الذي عاش على الساحل الشرقي للبحر المتوسط. تبرز الدراسة أهمية الفينيقيين في تطوير الأبجدية ونقلها إلى الإغريق، ودورهم في التجارة البحرية، وتأثيرهم الثقافي والديني على الحضارات الأخرى. كما تتناول الدراسة كيفية تصوير الفينيقيين في المصادر الإغريقية، حيث غالباً ما تم وصفهم بصفات سلبية، ولكن مع ذلك، تظهر هذه المصادر أيضاً جوانب إيجابية عن براعتهم في الملاحة والصناعة والتجارة. تهدف الدراسة إلى تقديم صورة متوازنة وموضوعية عن الفينيقيين من خلال تحليل المعلومات الواردة في المصادر الكلاسيكية، وتقديمها للباحثين وطلاب الدراسات العليا للاستفادة منها في الدراسات التاريخية والأثرية.
Critical review
تُعد هذه الدراسة إضافة قيمة إلى الأدب الأكاديمي حول الحضارة الفينيقية، حيث تقدم تحليلاً شاملاً للمعلومات الواردة عن الفينيقيين في المصادر الكلاسيكية الإغريقية. ومع ذلك، يمكن الإشارة إلى بعض النقاط التي قد تحتاج إلى مزيد من التوضيح أو النقد. أولاً، على الرغم من الجهد الكبير المبذول في جمع وتحليل المعلومات، إلا أن الدراسة قد تعتمد بشكل كبير على المصادر الإغريقية دون تقديم تحليل كافٍ للمصادر الأخرى التي قد تقدم وجهات نظر مختلفة. ثانياً، يمكن أن تكون هناك حاجة لمزيد من المقارنة بين المعلومات الواردة في المصادر الإغريقية والمكتشفات الأثرية الحديثة لتقديم صورة أكثر دقة وشمولية. ثالثاً، قد يكون من المفيد تضمين المزيد من الدراسات الحديثة التي تناولت الحضارة الفينيقية لتحديث المعلومات وتقديم رؤى جديدة. بشكل عام، الدراسة قيمة ولكن يمكن تحسينها بمزيد من التحليل النقدي والمقارنات المتعددة المصادر.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي أهم إنجازات الفينيقيين التي تم ذكرها في الدراسة؟

    أهم إنجازات الفينيقيين تشمل اختراع نظام الكتابة الأبجدي، براعتهم في الملاحة البحرية، تأثيرهم الثقافي والديني على الحضارات الأخرى، ودورهم الكبير في التجارة البحرية في البحر المتوسط.

  2. كيف تم تصوير الفينيقيين في المصادر الإغريقية؟

    تم تصوير الفينيقيين في المصادر الإغريقية بصفات سلبية في بعض الأحيان، مثل وصفهم بالتجار المخادعين، ولكن أيضاً تم الإشارة إلى براعتهم في الملاحة والصناعة والتجارة، وأهمية منتجاتهم الفاخرة.

  3. ما هو دور الفينيقيين في تطوير الأبجدية؟

    الفينيقيون كانوا أول من تبنى نظام الكتابة الأبجدي، والذي انتشر من خلالهم إلى اليونان وإيطاليا، وأصبح أساساً للأبجديات التي نعرفها اليوم مثل اليونانية واللاتينية.

  4. ما هي المصادر الرئيسية التي اعتمدت عليها الدراسة؟

    اعتمدت الدراسة بشكل رئيسي على أعمال الشاعر الإغريقي هوميروس والمؤرخ هيرودوت، بالإضافة إلى مصادر تاريخية وأثرية أخرى من الحضارات المجاورة مثل المصرية والآشورية.


References used
Meri, ‘Aid, The ancient History of Syria and her Archeology and Civilization, al-hai‘a al-a’mma al-Surria le al-Kitab, Wizarat al-thaqafa, Dimashq 2021
Seyrig, H., Notes on Syrian Coins, in: Syria. Archéologie, Art et histoire, XXVII, 1950
Moscati, S., Chi furono i fenici. Identità storica e culturale di un popolo protagonista dell'antico mondo mediterraneo, Roma 1994, p.15
George, H and Robert, L., A Greek-English Lexicon, revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie. Oxford 2017.
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