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Register a new userThe Popper - Kuhn Debate Reexamined
المناظرة بين بوبر و كُون: قراءة جديدة
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2009
fields
Philosphy
and research's language is
العربية
Authors
ماجدة أحمد عمر( باحث )
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Shamra Editor
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تحتلّ طبيعة التقدم العلمي و عقلانية التغير العلمي موقعا مركزيا في فكر كارل بوبر و توماس كُون. و يقدم هذا البحث تحليلاً للمناظرة التي دارت حول هاتين القضيتين بين بوبر و كُون. وفقًا لذلك، صور كُون على أّنه متبن للّنزعة الذاتية النسبية، في حين برز بوبر فيلسوفًا واقعيا موضوعيا. يتكون البحث من ثلاثة أقسام: يعالج القسم الأول موقف بوبر إزاء التقدم العلمي و العقلانية، حيث إن للجانب القيمي دورا متأصلاً بارزا في فلسفته، في الوقت الذي يدافع فيه عن الخصائص الموضوعية للحقيقة العلمية. و يسبر القسم الّثاني مفهوم كُون للعلم و العقلانية في العلم و التقدم العلمي الذي يعد نسبيا فقط استنادا إلى الّنموذج السائد. أما القسم الثالث، فيقدم نقاشًا مقارنًا للقضايا الرئيسة المتعّلقة بالمناظرة بين بوبر و كُون.
The nature of scientific progress and the rationality of scientific change lie at the centre of Karl Popper’s and Thomas Kuhn’s thought. This paper provides an analysis of the Popper - Kuhn debate over those issues; according to which, Kuhn is portrayed as subjectivist and relativist, while Popper emerges as objectivist and realist. The paper is divided into three parts. Popper’s claims regarding scientific progress and rationality are examined in Part One. It is argued that Popper’s philosophy is inherently value-driven, while defending the objective characteristics of scientific truth. Part Two explores Kuhn’s conception of science, of the rationality of science and scientific progress. Kuhn argued that knowledge is relative only to the accepted paradigm. Part Three is taken up with a comparative discussion of the main issues related to the Kuhn - Popper debate.
References used
(Bird, Alexander. Thomas Kuhn. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (2000
(Brentano, Franz. Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint. English translation, 2nd edition, London: Routledge. (1995
(Brown, Lesley(ed). The New Shorter Oxford Dictionary. Volume 2 (NZ). Oxford: Clarendon Press. (1993
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Karl Popper’s philosophy of science is considered a true portrayal of developments that have contributed to the development of philosophy in the twentieth century, which bridged the gap between the natural and social sciences. This rapprochement betw
een the natural and social sciences has established Popper's philosophy, whether in the scientific method or theory of knowledge.
Philosophy of Popper has raised a huge wave of support on the one hand and another wave of opposition like the various major philosophical currents, and these discrepancies in favor of the philosophy of Popper and the opposition to him raised philosophical and scientific new problems, which have enriched the philosophy of science in the twentieth century.
تضمن كتاب السياسة عند أرسطو معظم أفكاره السياسية , فقد بنى فكره و تحليليه على النطاق المحدد لدولة المدينة .
و قد وصف المواطن فيها مؤكداً ضرورة إيجاد توازن بين الحرية و السلطة في المدينة الدولة ، و عالج فكرة السيادة في الدولة و اقترب من مبدأ فصل السل
طات مع تحليله الواقعي للحكومات القائمة, و توضيحه للقوانين التي تحكم الظواهر السياسية، و تعرضه للثورات كظاهرة عامة يمكن أن تتحقق في أيّ مجتمع و في أيّ نظام سياسي مع ضرورة التفرقة بين الثورة و المشاكل السياسية الصغيرة و الانتفاضات السياسية البسيطة التي تمرّ عَرضاً، و إعطائه مُرشداً لكيفية التغلب على إمكانية قيامها, مع تناوله لاتجاهات الحكومات المختلفة .
و تجدر الإشارة إلى أن السياسة النظرية التي صاغتها عبقرية أرسطو مازالت إلى يومنا هذا تعاني من المشكلات نفسها التي عانتها من أول دورٍ من أدوارها.
The debate around climate change (CC)---its extent, its causes, and the necessary responses---is intense and of global importance. Yet, in the natural language processing (NLP) community, this domain has so far received little attention. In contrast,
it is of enormous prominence in various social science disciplines, and some of that work follows the ''text-as-data'' paradigm, seeking to employ quantitative methods for analyzing large amounts of CC-related text. Other research is qualitative in nature and studies details, nuances, actors, and motivations within CC discourses. Coming from both NLP and Political Science, and reviewing key works in both disciplines, we discuss how social science approaches to CC debates can inform advances in text-mining/NLP, and how, in return, NLP can support policy-makers and activists in making sense of large-scale and complex CC discourses across multiple genres, channels, topics, and communities. This is paramount for their ability to make rapid and meaningful impact on the discourse, and for shaping the necessary policy change.
The research addressed a critical analytical study of the moral basis of scientific
knowledge from the viewpoint of the contemporary philosopher of science Karl popper,
throughout his opinion on the fact that scientific knowledge is incomplete when
not based
on cognitive approach and moral content which protect it from slipping and error, stressing
the close relationship and the strong correlation between knowledge and ethics, which if
deviated affected the standards of science as a whole.
Results showed that knowledge, generally, is everyone's right to possess, threr
resides the truth, and to reach this truth there must be many methodologies, says popper,
the most important of which is the critical approach and rational dialog, by which we
realize that the human makes mistakes and, consequently, his knowledge may be wrong,
and to access the real scientific knowledge the skeptical approach should be followed in
which the premise is tested in different ways.
Popper pointed out that the insightful human recipient can exercise these logical
operations, and the insightful human is naturaly forgivable non- fanatic, open to criticism,
non-monopolistic of knowledge and therefore the basis of knowledge is purely ethical,
without which knowledge loses its meaning and credibility.
This research gives special attention to the term critical and is considered as a
relationship of interaction. Change and creation. It is an intellectual. Cultural. Social
and concept that has a close relationship with Arab culture as its original
inspiration.
The research will select a specific term which is creative. It will examine the
linguistic forms that crystallize the creative term. The inventor. The generator and
the creative. These concepts are revolving in its orbit. forming differentiated.
Interdependent and compatible contexts without any controversy. The light of its
narrow framework. Ie. Its lexical significance to be studied considering the
relationship between diverse knowledge in its formation. The research will
monitor the concept in the context of the most important monetary issues that
intersected with it. Creativity is a phase of transition between two technical
doctrines in Arabic literature .Vkrien are the say old and the updated mind finite to
determine the cultural value of the term between being too and a way that is both
together.
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