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Evaluation of some physiological parameters of several sorghum (Sorghumbicolor L. Moench) genotypes for water stress tolerance during the flowering stage

تقييم بعض المؤشرات الفيزيولوجية لعدة طرز من الذرة البيضاء Sorghumbicolor L. Moench لتحمل الإجهاد المائي خلال الإزهار

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 Publication date 2014
  fields Field Crops
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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An experiment was conducted in Kharabo station which belongs to the faculty of agriculture, Damascus university during the growing season 2009 ! 2010, to evaluate the response of seventeen sorghum genotypes under water stress conditions during the flowering stage according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates.


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Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة تقييم أداء سبعة عشر طرازًا وراثيًا من الذرة البيضاء تحت ظروف الإجهاد المائي خلال مرحلة الإزهار. نُفذت التجربة في محطة خرابو التابعة لكلية الزراعة بجامعة دمشق خلال الموسم الزراعي 2009-2010. أظهرت النتائج وجود تباين وراثي في استجابة الطرز المدروسة للإجهاد المائي، حيث تراجعت الصفات المدروسة بشكل عام تحت ظروف الإجهاد مقارنةً بالظروف المروية. تميزت الطرز KHARABO-238 وKHARABO-232 وLOCAL-26 بأقل معدلات تراجع في دليل المساحة الورقية، مما يشير إلى قدرتها على تحمل الجفاف. بينما أظهرت الطرز IZRAA-3 وKHARABO-245 وSC#246 أعلى نسب انخفاض، مما يصنفها كطرز حساسة للجفاف. أكدت الدراسة على أهمية دليل المساحة الورقية ونسبة المساحة الورقية كمعايير فيزيولوجية هامة لانتقاء الطرز المتحملة للجفاف.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة خطوة مهمة نحو فهم تأثير الإجهاد المائي على الذرة البيضاء وتحديد الطرز الوراثية الأكثر تحملًا. ومع ذلك، كان من الممكن تعزيز الدراسة بإضافة تفاصيل أكثر حول الظروف البيئية الأخرى التي قد تؤثر على النتائج، مثل نوعية التربة ودرجة الحرارة. كما أن الدراسة اعتمدت على موسم زراعي واحد، مما قد يؤثر على تعميم النتائج. يُفضل إجراء تجارب متعددة المواسم للحصول على نتائج أكثر دقة وشمولية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هو الهدف الرئيسي من الدراسة؟

    الهدف الرئيسي من الدراسة هو تقييم أداء سبعة عشر طرازًا وراثيًا من الذرة البيضاء تحت ظروف الإجهاد المائي خلال مرحلة الإزهار وتحديد الطرز الأكثر تحملًا للجفاف.

  2. ما هي الطرز الوراثية التي أظهرت أقل معدلات تراجع في دليل المساحة الورقية؟

    الطرز الوراثية التي أظهرت أقل معدلات تراجع في دليل المساحة الورقية هي KHARABO-238 وKHARABO-232 وLOCAL-26.

  3. كيف أثرت ظروف الإجهاد المائي على الصفات المدروسة؟

    ظروف الإجهاد المائي تسببت في تراجع الصفات المدروسة بشكل عام مقارنةً بالظروف المروية، حيث تراجعت معدلات المساحة الورقية والتمثيل الضوئي والنمو النسبي.

  4. ما هي أهمية دليل المساحة الورقية ونسبة المساحة الورقية في الدراسة؟

    دليل المساحة الورقية ونسبة المساحة الورقية هما معايير فيزيولوجية هامة لانتقاء الطرز المتحملة للجفاف، حيث يرتبطان بشكل إيجابي ومعنوي بصافي التمثيل الضوئي.


References used
Amal, G. Ahmed and A. K. M. Salem. 2005. Response of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.Moench) potassium fertilizers pales and omittingone irrigation. Egypt. J. Agro., 27(2). 11: 59-70
Ali, M. A.; S.Naize, A. Abbas, W. Sabir and K. Jabran. 2009. Genetic diversity and assessment of drought tolerant sorghum landraces based on morphphysiological traits at different growth stages Plant Omics J., 188: 214-27
Abdulai, A. L, F. Asch and N. Van De Giesen. 2004. Physiological and morphological responses of Sorghum bicolor to static and dynamic drought conditions. Rural poverty reduction through research for development .Deutcher Tropentage ,Berlin
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A hydroponic culture experiment was conducted under the green house conditions, at the general commission of scientific agricultural research, and the faculty of agriculture, Damascus university, during the year 2002-003. The objectives of this in vestigation concentrated on the influence of four salinity levels (0-50-100-150 mM NaCl) on some physiological parameters of eight sorghum genotypes. The experiment was designed in a RCB design with three replications.
Laboratory experiment was conducted in the laboratories of field crops department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, during the year 2011, in order to screen some lentils genotypes to osmotic stress at seedling stage.
Heritability and genetic advance of some grain yield components and some morpho-physiological traits in 36 sorghum hybrids [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench] produced by top-cross using cytoplasmic male sterility were estimated. Narrow-sense heritabilit y for plant height and head length were relatively high in Damascus location (65% and 56%) respectively, but the narrow-sense heritability of all characters in Raqqa location were low, the range was from 3% for threshing percentage to 34% for plant height, and from 22% for seed weight/head to 60% for plant height in the combined analysis. Genetic advance estimates were relatively low for all characters, the range was from 0% for 100 seed weight to 28.3% for plant height (Damascus location), and from 0.02% for seed numbers/head to 15.2% for plant height (Raqqa location), and from 5.8% for the number of days to flowering to 26.5% for plant height (combined analysis). Some characters such as plant height and head length showed relatively high values of heritability, but exhibited low values of genetic advance. Therefore other characters had low heritability coupled with low values of genetic advance indicated predominance of non-additive gene action. This result implies the need for several generations of selection to improve grain yield components and other traits.
Different experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions, at the Faculty of Agriculture – Damascus University, in order to develop a suitable and efficient screening tool, which can be applied to assess the genetic variability among 20 sor ghum genotypes (Izraa series) for high salt stress tolerance. We were able to develop a screening technique involves pre- exposing sorghum seedlings to a sub – lethal level of salinity stress (induction stress) (150 mM NaCl) for 16 hrs which can induce the genotypes to prepare defensive means, which may differ according to the genetic potentiality of each genotype. These protective responses may help the genotype to endure the lethal level of salinity stress (400 mM NaCl) for 48 hrs. At a later stage, the seedlings were transferred to distilled water for 72 hrs and the rate of recovery growth was taken as a criterion to select the highly salt tolerant genotypes by using Zdistribution analysis. Results revealed that genotypes such as: Izraa 10, Izraa 15, and Izraa 18 could be classified as salt tolerant genotypes which showed higher recovery growth and the least growth reduction over the control. Whereas a genotype such as Izraa 22 was grouped as salt sensitive one where the percent growth reduction over the control was greater, indicating that this genotype has low recovery growth ability. Our results suggest that the proposed screening technique is rapid, effective, and match the natural screening.
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