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Syrian Crisis Development Policies, Economic and Social impacts

الأزمة السورية السياسات التنموية و الآثار الاقتصادية و الاجتماعية

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 Publication date 2014
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The current crisis has been deteriorating in Syria since the spring of 2011 with an armed conflict which is causing catastrophic effects on development performance through the wide-spread destruction of infra-structure as well as the capabilities and potential economic losses which will impact upon the prospects for both current and future generations. It was those economic and social policies which were already ineffective for the government during the past decade - before the current crisis played a key role in this situation. In addition, there were the objective conditions of other economic sanctions placed upon Syria by the United States, and later by the European Union, including other pressures to force Syria to abandon its own vision of economic development and the ways to solve the Arab - Israeli conflict. The aim of this study is to shed light on those economic and social policies and their results and then to estimate the economic losses which have been caused by acts of sabotage by armed gangs by using a methodology based on the comparison of economic and social indicators during the crisis in 2011 and 2012. This methodology will take into account those economic and social policy indicators which would be determined without the current crisis and by also assuming the continuation of the pre-crisis effects. It will be the economic and social implications of the beneficiaries of the accounts and estimates which will be carried out by a group of Syrian researchers in the Syrian Centre for Policy Research. ...


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تناول البحث الأزمة السورية التي بدأت في ربيع 2011 وتأثيرها المدمر على البنية التحتية والاقتصاد السوري. يوضح البحث أن السياسات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية غير الفعالة التي اتبعتها الحكومة السورية قبل الأزمة كانت من الأسباب الرئيسية لتدهور الوضع. كما أن العقوبات الاقتصادية المفروضة على سوريا من قبل الولايات المتحدة والاتحاد الأوروبي ساهمت في تعقيد الأزمة. استخدم الباحث منهجية مقارنة المؤشرات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية قبل الأزمة وأثناءها لتقدير الخسائر الاقتصادية والاجتماعية. يركز البحث على أهمية وضع استراتيجية تنموية تأخذ في الاعتبار مصالح الطبقات الفقيرة والمهمشة وإعادة الإعمار. كما يشير إلى ضعف فعالية السياسات التنموية السابقة وعدم قدرة الحكومات المتعاقبة على وضع استراتيجية واضحة للتنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية. اعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لتحديد السياسات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية ونتائجها وتقدير آثار الأزمة خلال العامين 2011 و2012. يوضح البحث أن الاقتصاد السوري حقق معدلات نمو مرتفعة نسبياً قبل الأزمة، ولكن هذا النمو لم يصل إلى جميع سكان سوريا، وخاصة الطبقات الفقيرة والمتوسطة. كما يشير إلى أن الأزمة أدت إلى تدهور كبير في المؤشرات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية وزيادة معدلات البطالة والفقر وتدمير البنية التحتية. يختتم البحث بتوصيات لصناع القرار بوضع سياسة اجتماعية متكاملة تركز على مصالح الطبقات الفقيرة والمهمشة وخلق فرص عمل جديدة، والتركيز على قطاعي الصناعة والزراعة، ودعم المواد الغذائية الأساسية، وتطوير استراتيجية للاستجابة للاحتياجات الإنسانية الطارئة، والتحضير لمرحلة إعادة الإعمار.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: على الرغم من أن البحث يقدم تحليلاً شاملاً للأزمة السورية وتأثيراتها الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، إلا أنه يفتقر إلى بعض الجوانب الهامة. أولاً، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى دور الفساد الإداري والمالي في تدهور الوضع الاقتصادي قبل الأزمة. ثانياً، كان من الممكن أن يكون التحليل أكثر عمقاً إذا تم تضمين بيانات محدثة حتى تاريخ كتابة البحث. ثالثاً، لم يتم تقديم حلول عملية وقابلة للتنفيذ بشكل واضح، بل كانت التوصيات عامة وتحتاج إلى مزيد من التفصيل. رابعاً، كان من الممكن أن يكون البحث أكثر توازناً إذا تم تضمين وجهات نظر متعددة حول الأزمة، بما في ذلك آراء المعارضة والمجتمع المدني. وأخيراً، كان من الممكن أن يكون البحث أكثر تأثيراً إذا تم تضمين دراسات مقارنة مع دول أخرى مرت بأزمات مشابهة وكيفية تعاملها معها.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الأسباب الرئيسية التي أدت إلى تدهور الوضع الاقتصادي في سوريا قبل الأزمة؟

    الأسباب الرئيسية تشمل السياسات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية غير الفعالة التي اتبعتها الحكومة السورية، بالإضافة إلى العقوبات الاقتصادية المفروضة من قبل الولايات المتحدة والاتحاد الأوروبي.

  2. كيف أثرت الأزمة السورية على المؤشرات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في البلاد؟

    أدت الأزمة إلى تدهور كبير في المؤشرات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، بما في ذلك زيادة معدلات البطالة والفقر وتدمير البنية التحتية.

  3. ما هي التوصيات التي يقدمها البحث لصناع القرار في سوريا؟

    يوصي البحث بوضع سياسة اجتماعية متكاملة تركز على مصالح الطبقات الفقيرة والمهمشة، وخلق فرص عمل جديدة، والتركيز على قطاعي الصناعة والزراعة، ودعم المواد الغذائية الأساسية، وتطوير استراتيجية للاستجابة للاحتياجات الإنسانية الطارئة، والتحضير لمرحلة إعادة الإعمار.

  4. ما هي المنهجية التي استخدمها الباحث لتقدير الخسائر الاقتصادية والاجتماعية الناتجة عن الأزمة؟

    استخدم الباحث منهجية مقارنة المؤشرات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية قبل الأزمة وأثناءها لتقدير الخسائر الاقتصادية والاجتماعية.


References used
الجمعية السورية للثقافة والمعرفة- المركز السوري لبحوث السياسات – الأزمة السورية: . الجذور والآثار الاقتصادية والاجتماعية – كانون الثاني 2013
التقرير الحكومي عن واقع التجارة الخارجية في سورية خلال فترة الأزمة ويتضمن مقارنة بين . واقع التجارة الخارجية الربع الأول من عام 2013 مع الربع الأول من عام 2011
Economic Development and Prospects 2009. The World Bank. 3October2009
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