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Changes in seasonal and annual precipitation characteristics in the Syrian coastal region during the period 1960-2010

تغير خصائص الهطل الفصلي و السنوي في المنطقة الساحلية من سورية خلال الفترة 1960-2010

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 Publication date 2015
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Changes in precipitation patterns are considered one of most important hazards facing terrestrial ecosystems and water resources worldwide. Monthly rainfall data for six meteorological stations located in the Syrian coastal region were used to study changes in precipitation characteristics during the period 1960-2010. Trends with mann- Kendall Test, Gamma Distribution and Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) were applied to detect changes in seasonal and annual precipitation amount in addition to seasonality. Results showed significant negative trends in annual precipitation in all stations up to 30% in some cases, which could be related to the decrease in spring and winter rainfall amounts that ranged between 38.5% to 50.2% in spring and 14% to 38% in winter. Despite significant decrease in annual precipitation, there were no significant trends in seasonality. These changes in precipitation patterns would pose big challenges to water resources management , agricultural production and forests management.


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Research summary
تعد تغيرات نماذج الهطل أحد أهم الأخطار التي تواجه النظم البيئية الأرضية وموارد المياه في مختلف مناطق العالم. تم استخدام قيم الهطل الشهرية لست محطات متيورولوجية في المنطقة الساحلية من سورية، ولفترة رصد تمتد من عام 1960 حتى عام 2010، من أجل دراسة التغير في خصائص الهطل في هذه المنطقة. تم استخدام خطوط الاتجاه مع اختبار مان كندال، وكذلك توزع غاما، إضافة إلى مؤشر تركز الهطل من أجل كشف التغير في كل من كميات الهطل للفصول، والموسم الماطر، وموسمية الهطل. أظهرت النتائج وجود اتجاه واضح نحو تناقص الهطل للموسم الماطر في جميع المحطات وصل إلى 30% في بعضها، هذا التناقص ناتج عن تراجع كل من هطولات الربيع والشتاء، حيث تراوحت قيمة التناقص لفصل الربيع بين 38.5 و50.2%، ولفصل الشتاء بين 14% و38%. على الرغم من التناقص الحاد في هطولات الموسم الماطر فإن موسمية الهطل عملياً لم تتغير. هذه التغيرات في نماذج الهطل سوف تشكل تحدياً كبيراً لإدارة الموارد المائية، والإنتاج الزراعي، وإدارة الغابات.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: يعتبر البحث مهماً جداً في تسليط الضوء على التغيرات المناخية وتأثيراتها على المنطقة الساحلية من سورية. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض الانتقادات البناءة لتحسين الدراسة. أولاً، كان من الممكن تضمين عدد أكبر من المحطات المتيوورولوجية لتوفير بيانات أكثر شمولية ودقة. ثانياً، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى العوامل البشرية التي قد تؤثر على التغيرات في الهطل، مثل التوسع العمراني واستخدام الأراضي. أخيراً، كان من الممكن أن تكون التوصيات أكثر تفصيلاً لتقديم حلول عملية لمواجهة التحديات الناتجة عن هذه التغيرات المناخية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الفترة الزمنية التي تمت دراستها في البحث؟

    تمت دراسة الفترة الزمنية من عام 1960 حتى عام 2010.

  2. ما هي الأدوات الإحصائية المستخدمة في تحليل البيانات؟

    تم استخدام خطوط الاتجاه مع اختبار مان كندال، وتوزع غاما، ومؤشر تركز الهطل.

  3. ما هي نسبة التناقص في هطولات فصل الربيع؟

    تراوحت نسبة التناقص في هطولات فصل الربيع بين 38.5% و50.2%.

  4. ما هي التحديات التي قد تنجم عن التغيرات في نماذج الهطل؟

    تشكل التغيرات في نماذج الهطل تحديات كبيرة لإدارة الموارد المائية، والإنتاج الزراعي، وإدارة الغابات.


References used
ADAMS، H. D.; LUCE, C. H.; BRESHEARS, D. D.; ALLEN, C. D.; WEILER, M.; HALE, V. C.; SMITH, A.; and HUXMAN, T. E. Ecohydrological consequences of drought and infestation triggered tree die-off: in sights and hypotheses. Ecohydrology, Vol. 5, 2012, 145–159
AKSOY, H.Use of gamma distribution in hydrological analysis. Turkey Journal of Engineering Environmental sciences, Vol. 24, 2000, 419-428
BATES, B. C.; KUNDZEWICZ, Z. W.; WU, S.; and PALUTIKOF, J. P. Climate Change and Water. Technical Paper, International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)Secretariat, Geneva. 2008
Chen, T.; Werf, G. R.; Jeu, R. A. M.; Wang, G.; and Dolman, A. J. A global analysis of the impact of drought on net primary productivity, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sc., Vol. 17, 2013, 3885–3894
DAHM, C. N.; Baker, M. A.; Moore, D. I.; and Thibault, J. R. Coupled biogeochemical and hydrological responses of streams and rivers to drought. Freshwater Biology, Vol. 48, 2003, 1219–1232
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