Recent developments in neural networks have led to the advance in data-to-text generation. However, the lack of ability of neural models to control the structure of generated output can be limiting in certain real-world applications. In this study, w
e propose a novel Plan-then-Generate (PlanGen) framework to improve the controllability of neural data-to-text models. Extensive experiments and analyses are conducted on two benchmark datasets, ToTTo and WebNLG. The results show that our model is able to control both the intra-sentence and inter-sentence structure of the generated output. Furthermore, empirical comparisons against previous state-of-the-art methods show that our model improves the generation quality as well as the output diversity as judged by human and automatic evaluations.
In this paper, we propose a controllable neural generation framework that can flexibly guide dialogue summarization with personal named entity planning. The conditional sequences are modulated to decide what types of information or what perspective t
o focus on when forming summaries to tackle the under-constrained problem in summarization tasks. This framework supports two types of use cases: (1) Comprehensive Perspective, which is a general-purpose case with no user-preference specified, considering summary points from all conversational interlocutors and all mentioned persons; (2) Focus Perspective, positioning the summary based on a user-specified personal named entity, which could be one of the interlocutors or one of the persons mentioned in the conversation. During training, we exploit occurrence planning of personal named entities and coreference information to improve temporal coherence and to minimize hallucination in neural generation. Experimental results show that our proposed framework generates fluent and factually consistent summaries under various planning controls using both objective metrics and human evaluations.
Abstractive summarization models heavily rely on copy mechanisms, such as the pointer network or attention, to achieve good performance, measured by textual overlap with reference summaries. As a result, the generated summaries stay close to the form
ulations in the source document. We propose the *sentence planner* model to generate more abstractive summaries. It includes a hierarchical decoder that first generates a representation for the next summary sentence, and then conditions the word generator on this representation. Our generated summaries are more abstractive and at the same time achieve high ROUGE scores when compared to human reference summaries. We verify the effectiveness of our design decisions with extensive evaluations.
In this work, we present a method for content selection and document planning for automated news and report generation from structured statistical data such as that offered by the European Union's statistical agency, EuroStat. The method is driven by
the data and is highly topic-independent within the statistical dataset domain. As our approach is not based on machine learning, it is suitable for introducing news automation to the wide variety of domains where no training data is available. As such, it is suitable as a low-cost (in terms of implementation effort) baseline for document structuring prior to introduction of domain-specific knowledge.
Abstract Recent approaches to data-to-text generation have adopted the very successful encoder-decoder architecture or variants thereof. These models generate text that is fluent (but often imprecise) and perform quite poorly at selecting appropriate
content and ordering it coherently. To overcome some of these issues, we propose a neural model with a macro planning stage followed by a generation stage reminiscent of traditional methods which embrace separate modules for planning and surface realization. Macro plans represent high level organization of important content such as entities, events, and their interactions; they are learned from data and given as input to the generator. Extensive experiments on two data-to-text benchmarks (RotoWire and MLB) show that our approach outperforms competitive baselines in terms of automatic and human evaluation.
This paper is an analytical study of tourism plans of China’s Hainan Province and the Syrian coastal region before the Syrian war commenced in 2011. It compares the two types of tourism (in the Mediterranean and the Asia Pacific) and concludes with a
n integrated model of successful regional tourism. The focus is on strategic plans of the last two decades and how they facilitate tourism, specifically, how strategic plans can be translated into sustainable tourism development projects in both regions. The strategic plan in the Chinese case considers environmental, economic, institutional, and social characteristics of tourism development, which determines the necessary infrastructure and environment for the further development of tourism. This is contrasted with the absence of such a strategy in the case of Syria. Data were drawn from in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. Qualitative research techniques were used to analyze the available data and to form a detailed description of the past, present, and future potential for tourism in the two regions. The study measures transportation, land use/land cover patterns, tourism and tourism development, urban development, and strategic plans. It applied the lessons learned from Chinese tourism innovations in Hainan to propose an executive plan for sustainable tourism development in the Syrian coastal region once the present war has ended. This requires the active participation of all relevant stakeholders from almost every domain despite differing interests. It further requires improving the integration of three separate developmental factors (social, environmental, and economic) as complementary rather than conflicting elements.
Keywords; Syrian coastal region, Syria, Hainan province, China, strategic plans, development, policy, planning.
The transport sector provides suitable and appropriate conditions for the development of
the various sectors of the national economy, productivity and other services. Its
relationship with these sectors is characterized by a mutual influence relati
onship, which
means that no progress or development can be achieved in any of these sectors without
preceded or accompanied by significant progress in the transport sector.
The government has given special importance to this division since the inception of
independence, when the sector was allocated large provision in its successive five-year
plans. After the year 2000, there was a big leap in the provision of the allocations assigned
to the transport sector, where reached (to the ninth five-year plan (2001-2005)) the
equivalent to the expenditure on this sector in the previous five-year plans combined.
The systematic destruction and devastation of the crisis in Syria since March 2011 aimed at
splitting the country and paralyzing the traffic of passengers and goods. As a result, the
transport sector suffered heavy economic losses in its infrastructure and transportation.
These losses were evaluated in this research for the years 2011-2012, 2013 and the state of
the transport sector was reviewed before the crisis.
In view of the importance of this sector and its key role in the reconstruction, there was a
package of proposals and visions that were put forward for the reconstruction of the
infrastructure of the sector itself as a priority and strengthening the role of this sector in the
reconstruction and development within the framework of comprehensive regional planning
and sustainable development.
Perhaps the most important impact of the crisis was the decision of the Syrian state oriental
direction in its policy, which directly affects the implementation of transport networks and
infrastructure and means of transport.
Based on the goal of linking the five seas, which have set a higher goal in the national
framework for regional planning, some visions have been reviewed that can achieve this
goal in order to attract international transport and transit through Syria and exploit its
geographical position as a transport hub leading to an increase in economic growth rate To
raise the contribution of the transport sector to GDP.
In developing countries, where resources are often scarce, land availability, productivity potential, capability and sustainability for agriculture and, planning and maximizing the use of the land resources for a particular land utilization type is e
ssential. In order to ensure appropriate decision and, continued and sustainable productivity, thereby continuing to support the population economically without degradation, land use planning is essential. Remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems(GIS) are useful tools in land use planning processes .in this study 4 landscape units (costal leveled plains ,valleys and channel bed, Piedmont :slight slopping ,moderately slopping ,sever slopping ,and Summit unit) were described and compared its characteristics with the land utilization requirements for 6 land utilization types (LUT1: irrigated citrus low mechanized ,LUT2: irrigated potato high mechanized ,LUT3: irrigated tomato medium mechanized,LUT4: rainfed olive low mechanized,LUT5:rainfed wheat low mechanized, LUT6:natural forests)by using LAMIS program .the results showed that43.07% of studied area is moderate suitability S3, 27.9% is low suitabilityS4 ,and 20.24% is unsuitable N1.the land suitability evaluation for LUT2 :35.18% good suitability S2 ,35.17% moderate suitabilityS3 and 20.24% low suitability S4 and for LUT3:50.97% good suitability S2,20.04% moderate suitabilityS3 and 20.24% low suitability S4. 43.07% of lands are very suitable S1 for LUT4 ,27.91% good suitability S2 and 20.24% moderate suitabilityS3.for LUT6 ; land suitability evaluation shown that 59.24% of lands are very suitable S1 and 31.93% good suitable S2.
Land use planning processes include matching between physical and socio-economic conditions by using Definite program .optimal land utilization types are determined depending on 3 multi-criteria ( costs ,gross margin , water requirements for irrigation) and according to two scenarios ( SC1:conservative scenario with concerned to water requirements , SC2:economic scenario with concerned to gross margin ).the results showed that LUT4 is the optimal current land use type of all three physiographic units (costal leveled plains ,valleys and channel bed and slight slopping).2 suggested land utilization types ( LUT7:irrigated kiwi low mechanized ,LUT8:irrigated groundnuts high mechanized) are proposed to costal leveled plains and compared with LUT4,comparison results shown that LUT4 is the optimal land use according to SC1 and LUT7 is the optimal land use type according to SC2.for valley and
channel bed unit , the optimal land use type according to SC1 is multiple land use type ( rainfed wheat under rainfed olive trees) and according to SC2 is LUT7.3 land utilization types(LUT7,LUT8,LUT9: rainfed lentil low mechanized)are suggested for slight slopping piedmont .the results of planning process showed that the optimal land use type is LUT4 for both scenarios SC1,SC2.
This Research Aims To Study The Role Of Strategic Intelligence In
Formulating An Effective Strategy For Organizations, By Studying
Two Important Elements Of Strategic Intelligence: Strategic
Thinking And Strategic Planning As Two Independent Variables
And Their Role In Formulating An Effective Organizational
Strategy That Is Considered A Dependent Variable.
The current research aims to identify the degree of Practicing Strategic Planning of
and the degree of the quality assurance level in faculty of education at Tishreen University
from the view point of the Teaching Staff Members, and also and to stu
dy the relationship
between the degree of Practicing Strategic Planning and quality assurance level in it.
and to achieve the objectives of this research questionnaires were built, the first
about strategic planning included four areas, and consisted (50) items, while the second
about quality assurance consisted (20) items; have been applied on sample (72) Teaching
Staff Members in faculty of education at Tishreen University during the academic year of
(2016 - 2017). Descriptive analytical methodology was used, and Validity of the
questionnaire was established though a jury of (7) of the teaching staff at Syrian
Universities. Pilot sample consisted of (22) Members, Reliability was established by
Cronbach – Alpha Reliability (0.87) to Strategic Planning questionnaire and (0.73) to
quality assurance questionnaire.
