General and Specific Combining Ability and Genetic Parameters (Zea mays L.) of Single Crosses in Corn

Six inbred lines of maize namely; A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), E (5) and F (6) were used in half diallel cross. The seeds of inbred lines and its single cross hybrids were cultivated in an experiment using randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replicates, at Twaitha Research Station, Plant Breeding Improvement Center, Iraq, during autumn season (2016). The parents and F1 were significantly differed at 5% for number of days to tasseling and silking, plant height (cm), ear diameter (cm) and yield per plant. Some hybrids showed a significant desirable heterosis for studied traits such as days to tasseling and silking. While plant height and yield per plant for all hybrids showed a significant desirable heterosis (deviation of F1 from mid parents). The mean squares of general and specific combining ability were highly significant for all traits. The additive and dominance variances were differed from zero for all studied traits. The broad sense heritability values were high for all studied traits. Narrow sense heritability was moderate for number of days to tasseling, plant height and ear diameter, but it was low for number of days to silking and yield per plant. The average degree of dominance was higher than one for all traits.

Effect of NPK, Biofertilizers (Bacillus Subtilis) and (Glomus Mosseae) Additions on Yield and Growth of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Field experiment was carried out at Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Muthanna University, Iraq, during 2014/2015 season, to study the effect of adding NPK, biofertilizers Bacillus Subtilis and Glomus Mosseae on the growth and yield of maize (Zea may L.). The treatments were i.e control (zero: no vaccine), biofertilizers Bacillus subtilis treatments, Glomus mosseae, both biofertilizers (F0, F1, F2 and F3), respectively, Three levels of NPK liquid fertilizer i.e. 0, 5000, 7500 mg )C0, C1, and C2 respectively). The experiment design was RCBD with three replications arranged according to split plot.

The Effect of The Intercropping System on Some of the Productive Characteristics of Maize and Soybean s

This research was carried out during the agricultural season 2014 in the Buqai'a plain in west of Homs governorate, to study the effect of several systems for intercropping on Corn crop (Zea mays L.( and Soybean crop (Glycine max L.): (Zea mays line : Soybean line) (Zea mays line : Two Soybean lines) (Two Zea mays lines + Soybean line) ( Two Zea mays lines + Two soybean lines) (Single Zea mays crop), (Single soybean crop).

Response of maize (Zea mays L.) to phosphorus application and dynamics in some Syrian soils

A pot exrpriment was conducted in a greenhouse in Tishreen University. The experiment included three soils differ in their chemical properties: 1) heavy clay red soil rich in iron oxides; 2) a silty loam basiltic soil; 3) a heavet clay red soil rich in total calcium carbonate (34.8 %). Treatments include application of different levels of triple super phosphate (TSP, 46 % P2O5) ranged from 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, to 200 mg P/kg soil. Pots were sowned with maize (2 plants/pot) and grown for 48 days. At harvest, plant were hatvested before flowering by cutting shoots and extracting roots which were oven dried and weight were recorded prior to digestion and P determination in shoot and root tissues. Samples of rhizosphere soils from each pot replicate were taken for P fractionation and determination. The response of maize to P application differs at period test according to soil type. The increase in growth was linear with increasing P level of application in theheavy red and calcareous red soils, while was polynomial in basilitic soil. The speed of growth increase in response to P application was influenced by native available P in the soil prior to application. The application of P led to linear increase in resin-P and MRP fraction in the bicarbonate extract, but not the Po fraction of the bicarbonate extract. The quantities of fixed applied P varied according to level of P application, the ratio of P uptake by maize plants, and chemical properties of the soil type. The proportion of applied P that was fixed increased linerarly with increasing level of P application. It constitutes 41.7,68.5 and66% at level of P application (20 mg/kg soil), and decreasing to30.2, 41.9 and 59.1% at level of P application (200 mg/kg soil) for red, basiltic, and calcerous red soils, respectively.

Mycoflora Associated with MaizeGrains Stored and mycotoxin contamination produced by Fusariumverticillioides (Sacc.)

This study was carried out to survey the mycoflora of maize grain stored in the autumn season in 2011. Special attention to was paid to Fusariumverticillioides and detection of chemical analysis on the toxins Fumonisin(FUM) and zearalenone (ZEA) produced from F.verticilloides in three locations for the receipt and storage of grain in Deirezzor and Raqqa and Hasaka. The results showed that maize kernels discolored in rate of between 28.9, 32.5 and 36.4% respectively in Hasaka, Deirezzor and Raqqa. There was a positive coloration between maize kernels discolored and grain moisture percent. Microbial analysis showed associated fungi were Penicillium spp. (40.2%), Aspergillus spp. (37.4%), Fusariumspp. (12.6%), Rhizopus spp. (4.5%), Mucor spp. (3.8%) and Alternaria spp. (1.4%). F. verticillioides was the most frequency of Fusarium spp. Rates 83.8, 78.9 and 82.0% respectively in Deirezzor, Raqqa and Hasaka.Toxins (FUM) in Deirezzor was between 0.6 -5.3 mg / kg, and between 0.9 - 6.7 mg / kg in Raqqa, and from 0.2 to - 2.3 mg / kg in Hasaka, while Toxins (ZEA) were between 0.2-2.1, -0.5 7.6 and 0.03-0.8 mg / kg respectively in the three locations.Chromatographic analysis showed that the isolation of 42 out of 60 isolates of F. verticillioides was producing Toxins (FUM), were more isolates producing isolates Raqqa by 80%, in Deirezzor 70% and 60%. In Hasaka.

Correlation and regression relations between the height of plant and ear with some yield characters in maize

This study was conducted at the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture in Kharabo during 2011 2012 growing season. RCB design with two replicates was used and the correlation and regression relationship among characters were tested. Results showed that plant and ear heights were both positively correlated with some quantitative characters (number of kernels per row، number of rows per ear, 100 kernel Wight, and kernels weight per ear). Regression results also showed that the increase in plant and ear height was associated with an increase in number of rows per ear, kernels weight per ear and 100 kernel wight. It was concluded that plant height and/or ear height can be used as a direct selection index for number of rows per ear, kernels weight per ear and 100 kernel wight.

Evaluation of genetic parameters and simple correlation for some morphological and quality traits in local maize population

This study was conducted at the farm of Faculty of Agricultural-Kharabo as an intensive planting during 2011 and 2012 growth seasons. Using RCB design with two replications to study some genetic indices and simple linear correlation between yield and quality traits of 79 families selected from Sh population, improved by Full-sib selection. Results revealed that traits, silking days, protein percentage and oil percentage were affected by additive gene action while plant height and starch percentage were affected by non-additive gene action. Results also revealed that grain yield showed positive significant correlation with starch percentage (r=0.94*) and negative significant correlation with plant height (r=-0.95*) and protein percentage (r=-0.52*) indicating that less selection cycles are needed to improve families with high yield and starch percentage contents with early silking days (intensive planting) and medium plant height (machining cropper).

Studing the Effect some of plant growth regulators on the activity of hydrolysis and oxidation enzymes in the seedling of Zea mays stems cells

Investigate studied the activity of some enzymes in zea maize plant seedlings cells, (Ghota 82) under the influence of phytohormone Auxin & growth regulators 2,4-D and IBA. Maize plant seeds were germinated in water medium for six days in darkness and temperature of 260C. Then stem cells of the developing seedling were incupated in darkness with water or in different solutions of auxin, 2,4-D & IBA (50 mg/l) for 20 houre in 30 0C. Then magared the activity of α-Amylase, RNAase, Catalayse, Guaiacol Peroxidase, Ascorbate oxidase in the stem cells The results showed that the incupation has defferent effects.on hydrolysis and oxidative enzymes in zea maize plant seedlings cells.

Effect of plant growth regulators on metabolism of proteins in the seedling of Maize plant stems cells

This research aims to study the proteins transformation in zea maize plant seedlings cells, (GHOTA 82) under the influence of phyto hormone Auxin & grothregulators 2,4-D and IBA. Maize plant seeds were germinated in water medium for six days in darkness and temperature of 25 ºC. The quantity different groups of proteins, were analyzed in the stem cells of the developing seedling mesochotyles after incupation in darkness water and in different solutions of auxin, 2, 4D & IBA (in concentration 50 mg/l) for 20 hours in 26 ºC. The results showed that had inhibition effects on hydrolysis of protein groups in zea maize plant seedlings cells.