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General and Specific Combining Ability and Genetic Parameters (Zea mays L.) of Single Crosses in Corn

قدرة الائتلاف العامة و الخاصة و المعايير الوراثية في الهجن الفرديّة للذرة الصفراء (.Zea mays L)

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 Publication date 2018
  fields Field Crops
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Six inbred lines of maize namely; A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), E (5) and F (6) were used in half diallel cross. The seeds of inbred lines and its single cross hybrids were cultivated in an experiment using randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replicates, at Twaitha Research Station, Plant Breeding Improvement Center, Iraq, during autumn season (2016). The parents and F1 were significantly differed at 5% for number of days to tasseling and silking, plant height (cm), ear diameter (cm) and yield per plant. Some hybrids showed a significant desirable heterosis for studied traits such as days to tasseling and silking. While plant height and yield per plant for all hybrids showed a significant desirable heterosis (deviation of F1 from mid parents). The mean squares of general and specific combining ability were highly significant for all traits. The additive and dominance variances were differed from zero for all studied traits. The broad sense heritability values were high for all studied traits. Narrow sense heritability was moderate for number of days to tasseling, plant height and ear diameter, but it was low for number of days to silking and yield per plant. The average degree of dominance was higher than one for all traits.


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Research summary
تناولت الدراسة تأثيرات القدرة العامة والخاصة على الائتلاف والمعايير الوراثية في الهجن الفردية للذرة الصفراء. استخدمت الدراسة ست سلالات نقية من الذرة الصفراء وتم تهجينها بنصف تهجين تبادلي. زُرعت الحبوب في تجربة باستخدام تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة بثلاثة مكررات في محطة أبحاث التويثة، مركز تربية وتحسين النبات، وزارة العلوم والتكنولوجيا، العراق، خلال الموسم الخريفي لعام 2016. أظهرت النتائج فروقات معنوية بين الآباء والهجن الفردية في عدد من الصفات مثل عدد الأيام حتى التزهير الذكري والأنثوي، وارتفاع النبات، وقطر العرنوس، وغلة النبات الفردي. أظهرت بعض الهجن قوة هجين معنوية ومرغوبة في الصفات المدروسة. كانت متوسطات القدرة العامة والخاصة على الائتلاف معنوية لجميع الصفات المدروسة. كما اختلف التباين الوراثي الإضافي والسيادي عن الصفر لجميع الصفات. كانت قيم التوريث بالمعنى الواسع عالية لجميع الصفات، وبالمعنى الضيق متوسطة لبعض الصفات ومنخفضة لأخرى. كانت درجة السيادة أكبر من الواحد لجميع الصفات، مما يشير إلى أهمية الفعل الجيني غير الإضافي في وراثة هذه الصفات. توصي الدراسة بالحفاظ على السلالات النقية المتميزة واستخدام الهجن المتميزة في برامج التربية المستقبلية لتحسين صفات الذرة الصفراء.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة مهمة في مجال تحسين الذرة الصفراء، حيث تقدم معلومات قيمة حول القدرة العامة والخاصة على الائتلاف والمعايير الوراثية في الهجن الفردية. ومع ذلك، يمكن أن تكون هناك بعض النقاط التي تحتاج إلى تحسين. على سبيل المثال، قد يكون من الأفضل تضمين المزيد من السلالات النقية لزيادة تنوع النتائج. كما يمكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تم تضمين مواسم زراعية مختلفة لتقييم تأثير العوامل البيئية بشكل أوسع. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن أن تكون هناك حاجة إلى تحليل اقتصادي لتقييم الجدوى الاقتصادية لاستخدام هذه الهجن في الإنتاج التجاري.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الصفات التي أظهرت فيها الهجن قوة هجين معنوية ومرغوبة؟

    أظهرت الهجن قوة هجين معنوية ومرغوبة في صفات عدد الأيام حتى التزهير الذكري والأنثوي، وارتفاع النبات، وقطر العرنوس، وغلة النبات الفردي.

  2. ما هي أهمية الفعل الجيني غير الإضافي في وراثة الصفات المدروسة؟

    أظهرت الدراسة أن الفعل الجيني غير الإضافي (السيادي) كان أكثر تأثيراً وأهمية من الفعل الجيني الإضافي في وراثة الصفات المدروسة، مما يشير إلى أهمية إنتاج الهجن لتحسين هذه الصفات.

  3. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة بشأن السلالات النقية والهجن المتميزة؟

    توصي الدراسة بالحفاظ على السلالات النقية المتميزة واستخدام الهجن المتميزة في برامج التربية المستقبلية لتحسين صفات الذرة الصفراء.

  4. ما هي القيم التي أظهرتها الدراسة للتوريث بالمعنى الواسع والضيق؟

    كانت قيم التوريث بالمعنى الواسع عالية لجميع الصفات، بينما كانت قيم التوريث بالمعنى الضيق متوسطة لصفات عدد الأيام حتى التزهير الذكري، وارتفاع النبات، وقطر العرنوس، ومنخفضة لصفات عدد الأيام حتى التزهير الأنثوي، وغلة النبات الفردي.


References used
Abuali, A.I.; A.A. Abdelmulla; M. M.Khalafalla; A. El. Idris; and A.M. Osman (2012). Combining ability and heterosis for yield and yield components in maize (Zea mays L.) Aust. J. Basic Applied Sci., 6(10): 36- 41
Ali, G; A.G. Rather; A. Ishfaq; S.A. Dar; S.A. Wani; and M.N. Khan (2007). Gene action for grain yield ad its attributes in maize (Zea mays L.). International. J. Agric. Sci., 3(2):278- 281
Amanullah, S.; M. Mansoor; and M. Anwarkhan (2011). Heterosis studied in diallel crosses of maize Sarhad. J. Agric., 27(2):207- 211
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The research was conducted at the Maize Researches Department, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus, Syria during the summer growing seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012. Treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replications. The research aimed to evaluate genetic parameters for some traits like days to 50% silking, plant and ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight and grain yield per plant using generations means analysis of two maize hybrids (IL.292-06 × IL.565-06, IL.459-06 × IL.362-06) to detect epistasis and estimates of mean effect [m], additive [d], dominance [h], additive × additive [i], additive × dominance [j] and dominance × dominance [l] parameters. Results showed that the additive - dominance model was adequate to demonstrate the genetic variation and its importance in the inheritance of most studied traits. Nonallelic gene interaction was operating in the control of genetic variation in most studied traits. The signs of [h] and [l] were opposite in most studied traits for the two crosses. Also, the inheritance of all studied traits was controlled by additive and non-additive genetic effects, but dominance gene effects play the major role in controlling the genetic variation of the most studied traits, suggesting that the improvement of those characters need intensive selection through later generations. The phenotypic variations were greater than genotypic variations for all studied traits in the two crosses, indicating greater influence of environment in the expression of these traits. Highly significant heterosis relative to mid and better parents, respectively was found for all characters, and this accompanied with inbreeding depression for all traits. Narrow sense heritability and genetic advance were low in most of the traits due to the dominance of non-additive gene action in controlling the genetic variation of the most studied traits and this predict low to medium values of genetic advance through selection process.
The study was done at the field research station Sianow of General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research at Lattakia, to evaluate the susceptibility of 6 strains of maize Zea mays. L, and fifteen maize crosses obtained by half Diallel cro ss, against under conditions Industrial infection by large corn stem borer , Sesamia cretica Led. The experience was designed at randomized complete blocks (R.C.B.D). Strain IL.257-09)P1( expressed general high capacity to the attributes of Number of kernels per row(3.089), number of holes (-1.261). Strain IL.298-09 (P2) also expressed general high capacity to the attributes of Ear length (0.717), Intensity of damage (-0.432),% of yield loss (-6.022). strain IL.286-09 (P3) general high capacity to the attributes of diameter Ear (0.292), number of rows per ear (2.806). Strains IL.255-09 )P4) )0.036( and IL.228-09)P5) (0.969) also expressed general high capacity to the attributes of grain yield. Strain IL.262- 09(P6) expressed general high capacity to the attributes of 100- Kernel weight (1.942), infestation grain yield) 0.784), tunnel length (-5.629), Percentage of dead hearts (-1.132).
This study was conducted at the farm of Faculty of Agricultural –Kharabo as an intensive crop during 201 and 2012 growing seasons. Using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications to study some genetic indices for grain yiel d and its components, of 79 families of the Sh group of maize improved by Full-sib selection. The results indicated that the broad sense heritability ranged from high to moderate for some yield components (number of kernels per row, number of rows per ear, ear length, ear diameter, the weight of whole ear, whole kernel weight and grain yield and it was 49.6, 52.9, 46.3 79.7, 56.74, 51 and 85.2%) respectively. Additive gene action appeared to be controlling number of kernel per row, number of rows per ear, ear length, ear diameter،,grain yiel, the weight of whole ea, kernel weight indicating less selection cycles are required to improve yield depending on its components.
A half diallel set of crosses among six inbred lines of maize were evaluated at the Maize Research Department (G.C.S.A.R.) in Damascus Governorate during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons to estimate heterosis and combining ability components for the n umber of rows per ear, number of kernels per ear, ear length (cm), ear diameter(cm), 100-kernel weight (g), and grain yield (ton /hec). The inbred lines, crosses, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were highly significant for all the studied traits, showing the existence of a genetic variance among lines. The ratios of GCA to SCA detected for the studied traits showed the dominance of an additive gene action for all the studied traits except for 100-kernel weight and grain yield which showed the predominance of a non-additive gene action. The heterosis percentage for the studied traits was significant based on mid and better parents. The GCA effects showed that the lines CML.317, CML.371, CML.373 and CML.367 were good general combiners for grain yield, while the SCA effects showed that seven hybrids were the best F1 cross combinations such as (CML.317×CML.371) for grain yield.
Half diallel set of crosses between six inbred lines of maize were executed at Maize Research Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria, during 2010 and 2011 seasons to study heterosis, general and specific combining ability components for grain yield (ton/ha), ear height, length and diameter (cm), and silking date (day) compared with control varieties Basel-1 and the hybrid Spirou S-4- 985 to identify the best hybrid in terms of yield. Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replicates.

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