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Inheritance of grain yield and its components in line by tester method of maize (Zea mays L.)

وراثة صفة الغلة الحبية و مكوناتها في الذرة الصفراء (Zea mays L) وفق طريقة سلالة × مختبر

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 Publication date 2016
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This study was carried out at the Scientific Agriculture Research Center, Al-Ghab, Syria, during 2013 –2014 growing seasons to estimate heterosis, combining ability, phenotypic correlation and path analysis for plant and ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight and grain yield per plant for eighteen hybrids produced by the line × tester method, the major findings were: inbred lines, testers, hybrids and combining ability mean squares were significant for all traits, indicating that additive and non-additive gene actions were the important in inheritance of all traits. The ratios of σ2 GCA/σ2 SCA showed that non-additive gene action was more important in controlling all traits except of number of kernel per row. Heterosis percentage for all traits were significant compared with the check variety except of ear height trait. GCA effects showed that the lines P1 and P7 were good combiners for grain yield per plant, also, SCA effects showed that P2×P8, P5×P8, P4×P9 and P1×P7 crosses were the best F1 combiners for grain yield per plant. Results of phenotypic correlation and path analysis values showed that ear length, ear diameter and number of kernel per row were positively and significantly associated with grain yield per plant, also, these traits can be considered as selection criteria may lead to the improvement of grain yield in maize.


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Research summary
أجري هذا البحث في مركز البحوث الزراعية في الغاب، سورية خلال الموسمين الزراعيين 2013 و2014 بهدف تقدير القدرة على الائتلاف وقوة الهجين والارتباط المظهري وتحليل المسار لصفات ارتفاع النبات والعرنوس، طول وقطر العرنوس، وعدد الصفوف بالعرنوس، وعدد الحبوب بالصف، ووزن المائة حبة، وظلة النبات الفردي لثمانية عشر هجيناً فردياً ناتجة عن التهجين بطريقة سلالة في مختبر لست سلالات أبوية وثلاث سلالات مختبرة. أظهرت النتائج أن تباين السلالات والمختبرات والهجن كان معنوياً لجميع الصفات المدروسة، وأظهرت القدرة على الائتلاف مساهمة كل من الفعلين الوراثيين التراكمي واللاتراكمي في وراثة تلك الصفات. أبدت بعض الهجن قوة هجين إيجابية ومعنوية قياساً للشاهد باسل - 1 لجميع الصفات المدروسة عدا صفة ارتفاع النبات. أظهرت السلالتان P1 وP7 قدرة عامة جيدة على الائتلاف لصفة غلة النبات الفردي، وأظهرت الهجن (P2×P8) و(P4×P9) و(P1×P7) قدرة خاصة جيدة على الائتلاف لصفة غلة النبات الفردي. أشارت نتائج الارتباط المظهري وتحليل المسار إلى ارتباط معنوي موجب لصفة غلة النبات الفردي بكل من صفات طول وقطر العرنوس وعدد الحبوب بالصف ووزن المائة حبة.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: على الرغم من أن البحث قدم نتائج مهمة حول وراثة صفات الغلة الحبية ومكوناتها في الذرة الصفراء، إلا أن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، كان من المفيد تضمين تحليل أعمق للعوامل البيئية وتأثيرها على الصفات المدروسة، حيث أن الظروف البيئية تلعب دوراً كبيراً في تحديد أداء الهجن. ثانياً، كان يمكن توسيع نطاق الدراسة ليشمل مواسم زراعية إضافية لضمان استقرار النتائج. ثالثاً، كان من الممكن تقديم توصيات أكثر تحديداً حول كيفية تطبيق النتائج في برامج تربية الذرة لتحسين الغلة بشكل عملي.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الأهداف الرئيسية لهذا البحث؟

    هدف البحث إلى تقدير القدرة على الائتلاف وقوة الهجين والارتباط المظهري وتحليل المسار لصفات ارتفاع النبات والعرنوس، طول وقطر العرنوس، وعدد الصفوف بالعرنوس، وعدد الحبوب بالصف، ووزن المائة حبة، وظلة النبات الفردي في الذرة الصفراء.

  2. ما هي النتائج الرئيسية التي توصل إليها البحث؟

    أظهرت النتائج أن تباين السلالات والمختبرات والهجن كان معنوياً لجميع الصفات المدروسة، وأظهرت القدرة على الائتلاف مساهمة كل من الفعلين الوراثيين التراكمي واللاتراكمي في وراثة تلك الصفات. أبدت بعض الهجن قوة هجين إيجابية ومعنوية قياساً للشاهد باسل - 1 لجميع الصفات المدروسة عدا صفة ارتفاع النبات.

  3. ما هي السلالات التي أظهرت قدرة عامة جيدة على الائتلاف؟

    أظهرت السلالتان P1 وP7 قدرة عامة جيدة على الائتلاف لصفة غلة النبات الفردي.

  4. ما هي الصفات التي ارتبطت بشكل معنوي مع غلة النبات الفردي؟

    ارتبطت صفات طول وقطر العرنوس وعدد الحبوب بالصف ووزن المائة حبة بشكل معنوي موجب مع غلة النبات الفردي.


References used
ABD EL-MONEAM M. A; ATTIA.A .N; EL-EMERY.M.I and FAYED.E .A. Combinbining ability and Heterosis for some agronomic traits in crosses of maize. Pakistan. J. of. J. Sci., 2009, 12(5). P: 433-438
ABD- El ATY, M. S. and Y. S. Katta. Estimation of heterosis and combining ability for yield and other agronomic traits in maize hybrids (Zea mays L.). J. Agric. Sci., Mansoura Univ., 2002, 27(8): 5137-5146
ABOU- DEIF, M. H. Estimation of gene effects on some agronomic characters in five hybrids and six population of maize (Zea mays L.). World. J. Agric. Sci., 2007, 3(1): 86-90
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The present investigation was undertaken to estimate phenotypic correlation and path coefficient analysis for grain yield and its components in maize. Four local genotypes of yellow maize were evaluated in 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at two loca tions i.e. Damascus and Dir Al-Zor under three nitrogen fertilization levels (130, 195 and 260 of N. ha-1), The nitrogen fertilizer was applied at two splits. Split split plot design was used with 4 replications. Results of phenotypic correlation values showed that grain yield at Damascus location was positively and significantly associated with ear height (r= 0.204**), ear length (r= 0.205**) and number of rows per ear (r= 0.228**). On the other hand, grain yield at Dir Al-Zor location was positively and significantly associated with all studied traits at combined data whereas, it was positively and significantly associated with ear length at three levels and combined data (0.305*, 0.410**, 0.347** and 0.375**, respectively). The data of path coefficient analysis showed that ear length, ear height and number of rows per ear had positive direct effects on grain yield variation and thus grain yield improvement can be achieved through selection for ear length and ear height at Damascus location (11.06%). On the other side, data showed that each of ear height, number of kernels per row and 100-kernel weight had positive direct effects on grain yield variation (32.98%) and thus, 100-kernel weight can be considered as selection criteria may lead to the improvement of grain yield in yellow maize at Dir Al-Zor location.
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