Assessing the reality of economic institutions in developing countries shows lack of awareness of the concepts of intellectual capital and dimensions of knowledge that exist to achieve a competitive advantage in a global economy. Competitive advantag
e requires knowledge of how to manage intellectual capital and turn it into an additional value. This in turn requires companies to search for creative ideas and intellectual skills in order to achieve their strategic objectives in view of intense competition globally. This research tries to assess the role of investment in intellectual capital in helping the Syrian Communication company secure a competitive advantage.
يعتبر التعاون بين المحطات القاعدية في نظم الاتصالات النقالة الحديثة من مثل LTE أو (Long-Term Evolution) وكذلك LTE-Advanced (4G) من أهم التقنيات التي تسمح بتحسين التغطية ونوعية الخدمة المقدمة للمستخدمين. يهدف هذا البحث إلى اقتراح خوارزميات عملية للتعا
ون بين المحطات القاعدية على الوصلة الهابطة (Downlink) في هذا النوع من الأنظمة وسبر أداء هذه الخوارزميات من خلال بعض نتائج المحاكاة.
تعتمد الخوارزميات المقترحة على إعادة الإرسال الهجين (HARQ: Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest) بناءً على قرار مشترك بين المحطات المتعاونة يُتخذ في ظل معرفة معينة عن حالة القنوات اللاسلكية. تقدم إعادة الإرسال الموزعة، أي المعتمدة على التعاون، أداءً أفضل من حيث معدل الخطأ على المعطيات والتأخير الزمني لإيصالها بشكل صحيح، وذلك مقارنةﹰ بإعادة الإرسال من محطة واحدة بدون تعاون.
Summary of the thesis
In this research, the work examined the role that lasers play in unguided systems in underwater wireless systems (FSOUW), which determine the practical choice of laser system components in unguided systems, and examine the impa
ct of the absorption of sea and ocean water to lasers and their association with laser wavelength.
Three wavelengths (445, 532, 650) nm have been used to assess the validity of the selection of the appropriate water channel with 100 ml watts of laser as its transmitter energy. SNR, BER and SER were examined following five different water channels. These are pure tap water, and with salt, various concentrations of Malox (MG(OH)2 and Al (OH)3) and salt have been added in order to get high-turbid water, and the results show that mallox and salt content reduces the energy receiving the laser signal and causes disconnection.
The charts on wavelength change were drawn with their absorption coefficient in the laboratory for several wavelengths and several types of ocean water and the results were discussed.
