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Register a new userContribution of flag-leaf in yield and its components in five improved varieties of Durum wheat (T. turgidumvar. durum)
إسهام الورقة العلمية في الغلة الحبية و مكوناتها لدى خمسة أصناف محسنة من القمح القاسي T.turgidum var. durum
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2004
fields
Field Crops
and research's language is
العربية
Authors
طارق علي ديب( باحث )
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Shamra Editor
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زرعت خمسة أصناف محسنة مـن القمـح القاسـي durum. var turgidum. T (لحـن، شـام1، جزيرة17 ، بحوث5 ، أكساد65) في منطقة بوقا الزراعية التابعة لكلية الزراعة – جامعة تـشرين خـلال الموسم الزراعي 2002-2003 ، باستخدام تصميم القطع المنشقة لدراسة تأثير إزالة الورقة العلمية فـي الغلة الحبية و مكوناتها. تباينت الطرز الوراثية من حيث مساحة الورقـة العلميـة، و تكـرار المـسامات (الثغور) في وحدة المساحة الورقية، و مكونات الغلة، و المحتوى البروتيني للحبوب. نجم عن إزالة الورقة العلمية انخفاض معنوي في طول النبات، و عدد السنيبلات و عدد الحبوب في السنبلة، و وزن الألف حبـة، و الغلة الحبية، في حين لوحظت زيادة معنوية في المحتوى البروتيني للحبوب. و لـوحظ وجـود علاقـة ارتباط موجبة و معنوية بين مساحة الورقة العلمية و وزن الألف حبة و الغلة الحبيـة، فـي حـين ارتـبط محتوى الحبوب البروتيني سلباً مع الغلة الحبية.
Five improved genotypes of durum wheat (T. turgidum var. durum) (Lahn, Cham1, Gezira17, Bouhouth 5, and Acsad 65) were planted under the conditions of the agricultural region (Bouka) of the Faculty of Agriculture- Tishreen University during the agricultural year 2002-2003, with a split-plot arrangement to study the effects of flag leaf removal on grain yield and its components.The genotypes differed significantly in flag leaf area, stomatal frequency, yield parameters and protein content. Flag leaf removal significantly reduced plant height, number of spikelets/ spike, number of grains/ spike, 1000 kernels weight and grain yield, while grain protein content significantly increased. There was a positive correlation between the flag leaf area and 1000- kernels weight and grain yield, but protein content was negatively correlated with grain yield.
References used
Aparicio, N., Villegas, D., Araus, J. L., Casadesus, J., and C. Royo. 2002. Relationship between Growth traits and spectral vegetation indices in durum wheat. In Crop Science. 42:1547-1555
Araus, J. L., Amaro, T., Casadesus, J., Absati, A., Nachit, M. M. 1998. Relationship between ash content, carbon isotope discrimination and yield in durum wheat. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 25, 8S35-842
Berdhal, J. D., Rasmusson, D. C., and D. N. Moss. 1972. Effect of leaf area on photosynthtic rates
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This study was carried out at Karahta Station, Dept. of Field Crops
Researches, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches
(GCSAR) Damascus, Syria, during the growing seasons (2009-2010, 2010-2011).
The crosses were grown inatrial us
ing randomized complete block design
(RCBD) with three replicates in order to evaluate number of spikes per plant,
number of grains per spike, thousand kernel weight and grain yield per plant
and estimate some genetic indices: broad scenes heritability (BSH), narrow
scenes heritability (NSH), and genetic advance (GA). Seeds of five populations
of the three evaluated single hybrids were formed by crossing of five inbred
lines. Analysis of variance results showed significant differences among mean
values of the five populations of each cross for all studied traits. The results
revealed that the broad scenes heritability ranged between high and moderate
for the following productivity traits (SP/PL, GR/SP, TKW and GY/P) and it
was (75, 40, 57) (38, 80, 38) (74, 60, 85) and (73, 73, 71) for the three crosses,
respectively. Additive gene action noticed on most traits indicated less selection
cycles to improve these traits.
This experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus
University (2001 – 2002), to assess the effect of radiostimulation of seeds of two
durum wheat varieties (Hourani and Cham 3) on some morphological traits
and yield components,
by using three doses of gamma rays (10, 15, and 20 GY).
The study showed significant differences among radiation doses. The high
doses (15, 20 GY) caused a significant deterioration in growth and development
of plants, as well as yield components of the two varieties.
This study was carried out through the cooperation between Faculty of
Agricultural Damascus University and General Commission of Agricultural
Scientific Researches in Karahta station of field crops researches during 2010-
2011 and 2011-2012 succes
sive seasons. Four hybrids of durum wheat namely
(Duma1*Sauady), (Buhuth9*Q88), (Sham7*Q130) and (Horaney*Q131) were
evaluated to estimate heritability, genetic advance, heterosis and inbreeding
depression for days to heading ,grain filing period, plant height, number of
spikes per plant, and number of grains per plant. The mean average for all
these traits revealed highly significant differences among crosses. Low in
protein content trait (23-69%), medium in grain yield per plant (38-70) and
high heritability in thousand kernel weight (62-81%) were found. All hybrids
showed the highest for both mid and better parents heterosis for protein
content and gluten traits. High heritability was accompanied by high genetic
advance for thousand kernel weight. Low heritability was coupled with low
genetic advance for grain yield per plant, protein content and gluten. However,
greater magnitude of heritability coupled with higher genetic advance in some
traits provided that these parameters were under the control of additive genetic
effects. This indicates that selection should lead to fast genetic improvement of
the material. Moreover, the high genetic correlations for most of the traits,
suggested a strong inherent association among these traits at the genetic level.
Thus these traits deserve better attention in future breeding programs for
evolving better wheat in stress environments.
Six durum cultivars were compared in relation to germination percentage,
mean germination time, and germination “Catch up” from stress under
different soil moisture contents in the labs. Both soil moisture and cultivars
have shown effects on the s
tudied parameters. Increasing moisture tension had
caused a significant reduction in the germination percentage. The cultivars
differed in their germination. Haurani 27 and Cham3 showed a higher
germination potential and their germination times were shorter than the two
varieties Bohouth 5 and Cham1. The varieties Lahn and Senator Capelli were
intermediate among the other examined cultivars.
This study was carried out at Karahta Station of Field Crop
Research, General Commission of Agricultural Scientific Researches
during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 cropping seasons in order to determine the
phenotypic correlation coefficient between the traits and the path coefficients
analysis for the most affected traits in grain yield.
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