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Genetic variability, heritability and heterosis in improvement of grain yield and quality traits in the hybrids of Durum wheat (Triticum durum L.)

التباين الوراثي و درجة التوريث و قوة الهجين في تحسين الغلة الحبية و الصفات النوعية لهجن من القمح القاسي

2027   1   38   0 ( 0 )
 Publication date 2013
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This study was carried out through the cooperation between Faculty of Agricultural Damascus University and General Commission of Agricultural Scientific Researches in Karahta station of field crops researches during 2010- 2011 and 2011-2012 successive seasons. Four hybrids of durum wheat namely (Duma1*Sauady), (Buhuth9*Q88), (Sham7*Q130) and (Horaney*Q131) were evaluated to estimate heritability, genetic advance, heterosis and inbreeding depression for days to heading ,grain filing period, plant height, number of spikes per plant, and number of grains per plant. The mean average for all these traits revealed highly significant differences among crosses. Low in protein content trait (23-69%), medium in grain yield per plant (38-70) and high heritability in thousand kernel weight (62-81%) were found. All hybrids showed the highest for both mid and better parents heterosis for protein content and gluten traits. High heritability was accompanied by high genetic advance for thousand kernel weight. Low heritability was coupled with low genetic advance for grain yield per plant, protein content and gluten. However, greater magnitude of heritability coupled with higher genetic advance in some traits provided that these parameters were under the control of additive genetic effects. This indicates that selection should lead to fast genetic improvement of the material. Moreover, the high genetic correlations for most of the traits, suggested a strong inherent association among these traits at the genetic level. Thus these traits deserve better attention in future breeding programs for evolving better wheat in stress environments.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تناولت الدراسة التي أجريت بالتعاون بين كلية الزراعة بجامعة دمشق والهيئة العامة للبحوث العلمية الزراعية في محطة قرحتا خلال الموسمين الزراعيين 2010-2011 و2011-2012 تقييم أربعة هجن من القمح القاسي لتقدير درجة التوريث، والتقدم الوراثي، وقوة الهجين، والتدهور الوراثي لبعض الصفات الزراعية والنوعية. أظهرت النتائج فروقاً معنوية عالية بين الطرز الوراثية المدروسة، وأظهرت الهجن قوة هجين عالية معنوية في صفات نسبة البروتين وكمية الغلوتين. كانت درجة التوريث منخفضة لنسبة البروتين ومتوسطة للغلة الحبية وعالية لوزن الألف حبة. ارتبطت درجة التوريث المرتفعة بتقدم وراثي مرتفع في وزن الألف حبة، بينما ارتبطت درجة التوريث المنخفضة بتقدم وراثي منخفض في صفات الغلة الحبية ونسبة البروتين وكمية الغلوتين. أشارت الدراسة إلى أن الفعل الوراثي التراكمي هو السائد، مما يعبر عن أن الانتخاب يجب أن يقود إلى تطور وراثي أسرع في المادة الوراثية. خلصت الدراسة إلى أن هذه الصفات تستحق الاهتمام الأكبر في برامج تربية النبات المستقبلية للحصول على أفضل الطرز الوراثية.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة مهمة في مجال تحسين إنتاجية ونوعية القمح القاسي، حيث قدمت تحليلاً شاملاً للتباين الوراثي ودرجة التوريث وقوة الهجين. ومع ذلك، يمكن تحسين الدراسة من خلال توسيع نطاق العينات المدروسة لتشمل مناطق جغرافية مختلفة، مما يزيد من تعميم النتائج. كما أن التركيز على الجوانب البيئية وتأثيرها على الصفات المدروسة يمكن أن يضيف قيمة إضافية للبحث. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، قد يكون من المفيد تضمين دراسات مقارنة مع أنواع أخرى من القمح لتحليل الفروقات بشكل أعمق.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الصفات التي تم تقييمها في هذه الدراسة؟

    تم تقييم صفات وزن الألف حبة، الغلة الحبية في النبات، نسبة البروتين، وكمية الغلوتين.

  2. ما هي النتائج الرئيسية للدراسة فيما يتعلق بدرجة التوريث؟

    كانت درجة التوريث منخفضة لنسبة البروتين، متوسطة للغلة الحبية، وعالية لوزن الألف حبة.

  3. ما هو الفعل الوراثي السائد الذي أشار إليه البحث؟

    أشار البحث إلى أن الفعل الوراثي التراكمي هو السائد.

  4. ما هي التوصيات المستقبلية التي خلصت إليها الدراسة؟

    أوصت الدراسة بالتركيز على الصفات المدروسة في برامج تربية النبات المستقبلية للحصول على أفضل الطرز الوراثية.


References used
Acevedo, E., P. Silver, H. Silver and B. Solar. 2000. Wheat production in Mediterranean environments. In: Satorre, E. H. and G. A. Slafer (eds). Wheat ecology and physiology of yield determination. Food Products Press, An imprint of the Haworth Press, Inc, New York .London. Oxford Pp. 296- 331
Ali, Z.A. S. Kham., and M. A. Asad. 2002. Drought tolerance in wheat : Genetic variation and ion relation. Asian Journal of Plant Science. 1: 420-422
Bhutta, M. A., S. Azhar, and M. A. Chowdhry.1997. Combining ability studis for yield and its components in spring wheat (triticum aestivum L.). Jornal of Agricultural Research (Pakistan). 35(5): 353- 359
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This study was carried out at Karahta Station of Field Crop Research, General Commission of Agricultural Scientific Researches during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 cropping seasons in order to determine the phenotypic correlation coefficient between the traits and the path coefficients analysis for the most affected traits in grain yield.
The present investigation was conducted during 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing seasons at Karahta station for field crops research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Researches (G.C.S.A.R.), Syria. Forty five hybrids F1 produced using a half diallel cross among ten bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, in 2010/2011 season, were evaluated during 2011/2012 season in order to study som of the genetic parameters for grain yield per plant, its components, some morphophysiological and quality traits to determine the basic criteria for selection.
This study was carried out at Karahta Station, Dept. of Field Crops Researches, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches (GCSAR) Damascus, Syria, during the growing seasons (2009-2010, 2010-2011). The crosses were grown inatrial us ing randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates in order to evaluate number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, thousand kernel weight and grain yield per plant and estimate some genetic indices: broad scenes heritability (BSH), narrow scenes heritability (NSH), and genetic advance (GA). Seeds of five populations of the three evaluated single hybrids were formed by crossing of five inbred lines. Analysis of variance results showed significant differences among mean values of the five populations of each cross for all studied traits. The results revealed that the broad scenes heritability ranged between high and moderate for the following productivity traits (SP/PL, GR/SP, TKW and GY/P) and it was (75, 40, 57) (38, 80, 38) (74, 60, 85) and (73, 73, 71) for the three crosses, respectively. Additive gene action noticed on most traits indicated less selection cycles to improve these traits.
This study was carried out through the cooperation between the Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University and the General Commission of Agricultural Scientific Researches in Hama during 2013 and 2014 successive seasons. Eight soft wheat(Triticumae stivum)genotypes were crossed using half diallel method .The(28) crosses were grown along with their parents in randomized complete block with three replications to estimate general combiningability , specific combining ability, and both mid and high parent heterosis for number of spikes /plant , number of grains /spike , thousand grain weight and grain yield. The results indicated that both additive and non- additive types of gene action were important in the inheritance of traits under study with preponderance of additive gene effects for number of grains /spike and thousand grain weight,Non – additive gene effects were pronounced in the inheritance of number of spikes /plant and grain yield. High general combiners for thesecharacters were obtained and the most important parents were: Bohouth 4- Douma 44828-Acsad1115- Golan2. Many positive specific combiners having both mid and high parent heterosis and derived from positive general combiners were obtained such as(Golan2×Cham10) – (Acsad1115×Douma4)(Douma44828×Golan2) and (Douma 2×Golan2). Results also indicated that some hybrids: (Douma44828×Golan2) (Bohouth6×Douma4) (Douma44828×Cham10) (Douma2×Acsad1115) had heterosis compared to higher parent for number of spikes /plant , number of grains / spike , Thousand grain weight and grain yield..
This study was carried out during 2010-2011 growing seasons at the Maize Researches Department (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus. To estimate heterosis for number of rows per ear, ear length, ear diameter, 100- kernel weight, and grain yield.
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