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Response of Some Syrian Bread Wheat Cultivars to Nitrogen Fertilization: Growth and Productivity

استجابة بعض أصناف القمح السورية الطرية للتسميد الآزوتي: النمو و الإنتاجية

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 Publication date 2015
  fields Soil And Water
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This study was conducted in a pot experiment during 2012-2013 to investigate the response of four Syrian bread wheat cultivars (Sham 4, Sham 6, Bohouth 4, and Bohouth 6) to increasing levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 kg N/h). Nitrogen was added in two equal split applications, half was added as urea (46% N) at sowing, and the second half was added as ammonium nitrate (33.5 % N) at tillerring and stem elongation stage. Some growth and productivity parameters were investigated. Nitrogen application led in all four cultivars to significant increase in number of tillers, productive on the expense of non-productive tillers. This was accompanied by a significant increase in number of spikes on plant and number and weight of grain in the spike. Sham 6 had a higher number of productive tillers at nitrogen rate of application 200 kg N/h, whereas Bohouth 4 had a greater height for main stems and tillers compared to other cultivars. Grain productivity increased with the first level of nitrogen application (40 kg N/h) by a rate of 53, 57, 55, and 48 % for cultivars Sham 4, Sham 6, Bohouth 4, and Bohouth 6, respectively. Grain yield reached with nitrogen application of 200 kg N/h to 15.89, 15.96, 13.6, and 15.7 ton/h, respectively. Cultivars differed significantly in grain yield within each nitrogen application level. Grain yield for Bohouth 6 got closer to Sham 4 and Sham 6 with nitrogen application reaching 160 kg N/h, and after which became not significantly different, while grain yield of Bohouth 4 remains significantly lower compared to all cultivars.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة استجابة بعض أصناف القمح السورية الطرية (شام 4، شام 6، بحوث 4، وبحوث 6) للتسميد الأزوتي وتأثيره على النمو والإنتاجية. أجريت التجارب في أصص خلال الموسم الزراعي 2012-2013، حيث تم تطبيق مستويات مختلفة من التسميد الأزوتي (0، 40، 80، 120، 160، و200 كغ N/هكتار). أظهرت النتائج أن زيادة معدلات التسميد الأزوتي أدت إلى زيادة معنوية في عدد الأشطاءات الكلية والمنتجة، وعدد السنابل، وعدد ووزن الحبوب في السنابل. تفوق الصنف شام 6 في عدد الأشطاءات المنتجة عند أعلى مستوى من التسميد (200 كغ N/هكتار)، بينما تفوق الصنف بحوث 4 في طول السوق الرئيسية وسوق الأشطاءات. ازدادت الإنتاجية من الغلة الحبية مع زيادة التسميد الأزوتي، حيث وصلت إلى أعلى مستوياتها عند 200 كغ N/هكتار. تباينت الأصناف في إنتاجيتها تبعاً لمستوى التسميد الأزوتي، حيث تقاربت غلة الصنف بحوث 6 مع الصنفين شام 4 وشام 6 عند مستوى التسميد 160 كغ N/هكتار، بينما بقيت إنتاجية الصنف بحوث 4 دون تلك في باقي الأصناف.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعد هذه الدراسة مهمة في فهم تأثير التسميد الأزوتي على نمو وإنتاجية أصناف القمح السورية الطرية. ومع ذلك، يمكن أن تكون النتائج أكثر شمولية إذا تم إجراء التجارب في ظروف حقلية بدلاً من الأصص، حيث يمكن أن تختلف النتائج بشكل كبير بين البيئتين. كما أن الدراسة لم تأخذ في الاعتبار تأثير العوامل البيئية الأخرى مثل الرطوبة ودرجة الحرارة، والتي يمكن أن تؤثر بشكل كبير على استجابة النباتات للتسميد الأزوتي. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، قد يكون من المفيد دراسة تأثير التسميد الأزوتي على جودة الحبوب، وليس فقط على الكمية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الأصناف السورية الطرية التي تم دراستها في البحث؟

    الأصناف السورية الطرية التي تم دراستها هي شام 4، شام 6، بحوث 4، وبحوث 6.

  2. كيف تم تطبيق التسميد الأزوتي في التجربة؟

    تم تطبيق التسميد الأزوتي على دفعتين: الدفعة الأولى على شكل يوريا عند الزراعة، والدفعة الثانية على شكل نترات الأمونيوم خلال مرحلة استطالة الساق.

  3. ما هو تأثير التسميد الأزوتي على عدد الأشطاءات المنتجة؟

    أدى التسميد الأزوتي إلى زيادة معنوية في عدد الأشطاءات المنتجة في جميع الأصناف المدروسة.

  4. أي صنف من الأصناف المدروسة أظهر أعلى إنتاجية عند أعلى مستوى من التسميد الأزوتي؟

    أظهر الصنف شام 6 أعلى إنتاجية عند أعلى مستوى من التسميد الأزوتي (200 كغ N/هكتار).


References used
ALIZADEH, A. Soil, Water, Plants Relationship. 3rd Edn, Emam Reza University Press, Mashhad, Iran, 2002
DIMMOCK, J. P. R. E. and GOODING, M. J. The effects of fungicides on rate and duration of grain filling in winter wheat in relation to the maintenance of flag leaf green area. Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 138, 2002, 1-16
FARRER, D; WEISZ, R; HEINIGER, R; MURPHY, J. P; PATE, M. H. Delayed harvest effect on soft red winter wheat in the southeastern USA. Agron J. Vol. 98, no. 3, 2006, 588-595
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