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Register a new userResponse of Some Syrian Bread Wheat Cultivars to Nitrogen Fertilization: Growth and Productivity
استجابة بعض أصناف القمح السورية الطرية للتسميد الآزوتي: النمو و الإنتاجية
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Tishreen University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2015
fields
Soil And Water
and research's language is
العربية
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أجريت هذه الدراسة في أصص خلال الموسم الزراعي ( 2012 / 2013 ) بهدف دراسة استجابة أربعة أصناف سورية معتمدة من القمح الطرية (Triticum aestivum L.) و هي: ( شام 4 - و شام 6 - و بحوث 4 ـ و بحوث 6) لمستويات متزايدة من التسميد الآزوتي (N0=0 ، N1=40 ، N2=80 ، N3=120، N4=160 و N5=200 كغ N / هكتار). تمت إضافة الجرعة السمادية الموافقة لكل معاملة مناصفة على دفعتين: الدفعة الأولى على شكل يوريا (46 %) عند الزراعة، و تمت إضافة الدفعة الثانية خلال مرحلة استطالة الساق على شكل نترات الأمونيوم 33.5 % . تمت دراسة بعض معايير النمو و الإنتاجية. أدت الزيادة في معدلات التسميد الآزوتي في الأصناف الأربعة المدروسة إلى زيادة معنوية في عدد الأشطاءات الكلية، و الأشطاءات المنتجة على حساب الأشطاءات غير المنتجة، و ترافقت مع زيادة معنوية في عدد السنابل على النبات، و عدد و وزن الحبوب في السنابل. لقد تفوق الصنف شام 6 على بقية الأصناف المدروسة و بمعنوية عالية في عدد الأشطاءات المنتجة في المعاملة N5 (200 كغ N/هـ)، بينما تفوق الصنف بحوث 4 على بقية الأصناف في طول السوق الرئيسية و سوق الأشطاءات في المعاملتين N4 و N5 (160 و 200 كغ N/هـ)، على التوالي. ازدادت الإنتاجية من الغلة الحبية مع التسميد الآزوتي بدءاً من الإضافة الآزوتية الأولى 40 كغ N/هـ بمعدل 53، 57، 55، و 48 % مقارنة بالشاهد، و ذلك في الأصناف (شام 4، و شام 6، و بحوث 4، و بحوث 6)، على التوالي. وصلت الإنتاجية الحبية مع معدل التسميد الأعلى 200 كغ N/هـ إلى (15.89، 15.96، 13.6، و 15.7 طن/هـ)، على التوالي. تباينت الأصناف في إنتاجيتها تبعاً لمستوى التسميد الآزوتي؛ إذْ تتقارب غلة الصنف بحوث 6 مع الصنفين شام 4 و شام 6 مع بلوغ مستوى التسميد عتبة 160 كغ N/هـ ، و تصبح غير مختلفة معنوياً، بينما تبقى إنتاجية الصنف بحوث 4 دون تلك في باقي الأصناف.
This study was conducted in a pot experiment during 2012-2013 to investigate the response of four Syrian bread wheat cultivars (Sham 4, Sham 6, Bohouth 4, and Bohouth 6) to increasing levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 kg N/h). Nitrogen was added in two equal split applications, half was added as urea (46% N) at sowing, and the second half was added as ammonium nitrate (33.5 % N) at tillerring and stem elongation stage. Some growth and productivity parameters were investigated. Nitrogen application led in all four cultivars to significant increase in number of tillers, productive on the expense of non-productive tillers. This was accompanied by a significant increase in number of spikes on plant and number and weight of grain in the spike. Sham 6 had a higher number of productive tillers at nitrogen rate of application 200 kg N/h, whereas Bohouth 4 had a greater height for main stems and tillers compared to other cultivars. Grain productivity increased with the first level of nitrogen application (40 kg N/h) by a rate of 53, 57, 55, and 48 % for cultivars Sham 4, Sham 6, Bohouth 4, and Bohouth 6, respectively. Grain yield reached with nitrogen application of 200 kg N/h to 15.89, 15.96, 13.6, and 15.7 ton/h, respectively. Cultivars differed significantly in grain yield within each nitrogen application level. Grain yield for Bohouth 6 got closer to Sham 4 and Sham 6 with nitrogen application reaching 160 kg N/h, and after which became not significantly different, while grain yield of Bohouth 4 remains significantly lower compared to all cultivars.
References used
ALIZADEH, A. Soil, Water, Plants Relationship. 3rd Edn, Emam Reza University Press, Mashhad, Iran, 2002
DIMMOCK, J. P. R. E. and GOODING, M. J. The effects of fungicides on rate and duration of grain filling in winter wheat in relation to the maintenance of flag leaf green area. Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 138, 2002, 1-16
FARRER, D; WEISZ, R; HEINIGER, R; MURPHY, J. P; PATE, M. H. Delayed harvest effect on soft red winter wheat in the southeastern USA. Agron J. Vol. 98, no. 3, 2006, 588-595
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Two separate pot experiments were conducted during the agricultural season (2012-2013) and a complete randomization system was used, studying the response of four certified Syrian soft wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L), namely (Sham 4, Sham 6, Bo
houth 4, Bohuth 6) towards nitrogenous additives and the dates of addition different types and evaluate the efficiency of these varieties in benefiting from the added nitrogen fertilizer.
A pot experiment was conducted in a green house at Tishreen University in which bread
wheat (cv. Sham 6) was grown at different levels of potassium nutrition (K0=0, K1=25,
K2=50, K3=75, K4=100, K5=150) mg k/kg soil. The increase in potassium fertil
ization
rates led to a significant increase in the number of total tillers and fertile tillers on the
expense of non-fertile tillers. This was accompanied with no significant increase in
number of main stems spikes grains, while the tillers spikes of the first level of potassium
application (K1) was higher significantly compared to control treatment (K0). The same
treatment (K1) gave the best weight of grain on the main stems spikes and tillers. The
productivity of grain yield increased (but non-significantly) with increasing the level of
potassium fertilization. The highest yield value was obtained in K5 treatment which was
13933 kg /ha. This productivity constitutes a rate of increase 18% compared to the control
treatment (K0). The calculation of Agronomic Efficiency (AE) showed a high value of
(about 13 kg seeds/kg of K fertilizer added) in the K1 treatment, and thereafter, AE
gradually decreased with potassium fertilization to reach about 6 kg grain/kg K fertilizer
for K4 and K5 treatments (100 and 150 mg K/kg).
This research was carried out during both growing seasons 2009/10 -
2010/11 at the National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension
(NCARE) / Karak Governorate / Jordan, to study the response of five barley
varieties namely Mu'tah, Yarmok,
Athroh, Rum and Acsad-176 to the effect of
four seeding rates (50, 100, 150 and 200kg/ha) and five nitrogen fertilizer levels
(0, 15, 30, 45 and 60kg/ha) on the productivity of grain and straw, the harvest
index and some phenological indicators.
A pot exrpriment was conducted in a greenhouse in Tishreen University. The
experiment included three soils differ in their chemical properties: 1) heavy clay red soil
rich in iron oxides; 2) a silty loam basiltic soil; 3) a heavet clay red soil ric
h in total
calcium carbonate (34.8 %). Treatments include application of different levels of triple
super phosphate (TSP, 46 % P2O5) ranged from 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, to 200 mg P/kg
soil. Pots were sowned with maize (2 plants/pot) and grown for 48 days. At harvest, plant
were hatvested before flowering by cutting shoots and extracting roots which were oven
dried and weight were recorded prior to digestion and P determination in shoot and root
tissues. Samples of rhizosphere soils from each pot replicate were taken for P fractionation
and determination.
The response of maize to P application differs at period test according to soil type.
The increase in growth was linear with increasing P level of application in theheavy red
and calcareous red soils, while was polynomial in basilitic soil. The speed of growth
increase in response to P application was influenced by native available P in the soil prior
to application. The application of P led to linear increase in resin-P and MRP fraction in
the bicarbonate extract, but not the Po fraction of the bicarbonate extract. The quantities of
fixed applied P varied according to level of P application, the ratio of P uptake by maize
plants, and chemical properties of the soil type. The proportion of applied P that was fixed
increased linerarly with increasing level of P application. It constitutes 41.7,68.5 and66%
at level of P application (20 mg/kg soil), and decreasing to30.2, 41.9 and 59.1% at level of
P application (200 mg/kg soil) for red, basiltic, and calcerous red soils, respectively.
A field experiment was carried out at Abi Jarash farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, during the two agricultural seasons 2011-2012/2013-2014 in order to evaluate the performance of some oily varieties introduced from the safflower crop
(SON-4, SON5, PI133055, Local Witness, GILA) under the influence of environmental conditions. Prevalent in Damascus governorate during the spring and summer season (intensive) after harvesting the wheat crop) using two rates of nitrogen fertilizer (control - without adding fertilizer, and at a rate of 75 and 150 kg. ha - 1 pure nitrogen unit)
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