A laboratory experiment was carried out in the Clay Minerals and Colloids Laboratory in the Department of Soil Sciences and Land Reclamation at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering - University of Aleppo. The research aims to know the effect of tw
o types of salts (NaCl - Na2SO4) with five concentrations of each of the salts studied in the laboratory experiment on the stability of artificial soil aggregates and to know the salt concentrations that cause the greatest damage in the destruction of artificial soil aggregates. The results indicated the effect of the increased concentration of salts in increasing the percentage of aggregates that were subjected to collapse. The study also indicated that soil aggregates were damaged more by sodium chloride salt compared to sodium sulfate salt. The results indicated that sodium chloride salt contributes to the destruction of soil aggregates, especially at a concentration of 10 g.𝓁-1, where the percentage of destroyed aggregates reached about 35%. Sodium sulfate salt also contributed to the destruction of soil aggregates, and the highest value for the percentage of destroyed aggregates was (25.1%) at a concentration of 8 g.𝓁-1.
This research was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Hama, in seasons 2020, 2021 to study the effect of foliar spray of seaweed extract on the growth and productivity of the olive tree cv. Kaisi, Where the foliar spray was
applied with seaweed extract called alga 600 in concentrate of (0.5 g/l) According to treatments: A0 control without spraying seaweed extract, A1 one spray one week before flowering, A2 one spray after fruit set, A3 one spray one month before harvest, A4 two sprays (before flowering and after fruit set), A5 two sprays (after fruit set and one month before harvest) A6, three sprays (before flowering, after fruit set, and one month before harvest) with the addition of ground fertilization according to the Fertilizer recommendation. The results of foliar fertilization showed a significant effect on the vegetative growth traits, as The treatment one month before harvest was superior to the rest of the treatments with a primary shoots length average 6.94 cm, while the control was 4.75 cm, while seaweed extract had a positive effect on the total number of flowers. Where the spraying treatment before flowering and after the fruit set contract was superior to the rest of the treatments, as the average number of flowers was 203.11 compared to the control with an average number of flowers 164.19, as well as in the percentage of fruit set, as the highest percentage of the contract when spraying treatment before flowering was 3.20% and in control 2.19% The results also showed a clear superiority in the productivity of the tree, especially the treatment before flowering and after the contract, Where the average tree productivity was 37.07 kg, and in the control it was 14.07 kg It was observed that there was a significant increase in the percentage of oil for the fruits, as a treatment a month before harvest was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments in both seasons, as the highest value of the oil percentage reached 20.28%, followed by a treatment before flowering, after fruit set and one month before harvest, with an oil percentage of 20.27 compared to the control 17.17%.
A column experiment was carried out under the conditions of the laboratory of colloids and clay minerals at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Aleppo, in order to know the effect caused by the magnetization of irrigation wat
er on the chemical properties of soils irrigated with water of different salinity. The experiment was carried out on the Kskeis soil, located east of Aleppo city, and it was irrigated with three types of water of different salinity (Furat - Rasm Al-Hamis - Mishrifat Al-Zakiya). With irrigated water, the irrigation process was carried out with ten irrigations. The results indicated that the magnetization of showing off water reached its value, reached its value, reached its value, reached its value when magnetized. dS.m-1) was 4.05, while at the non-magnetized (dS.m-1) 3.7, the values of the sorbent sodium rate SAR were affected by the accumulation of salts in the subsurface layer of the studied treatments included in the study. The values of the rate of sodium adsorption SAR were also affected by the accumulation of salts in the subsurface layer of the studied treatments included in the study, and the magnetization of water contributed to the reduction of SAR values. 1.57, while it reached 1.93 in the same treatment irrigated with non-magnetized water.
A column experiment was carried out under the conditions of the laboratory of colloids and clay minerals at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Aleppo. The aim of study is know the effect caused by the magnetization of irriga
tion water on the physicochemical properties of soils irrigated with water of different salinity. The experiment was carried out on selected gypsiferous soils from the village of Musharafa Al-Zakiya located in the Maskana project (Aleppo governorate). And it was irrigated with three types of water of different salinity (Euphrates River water -Rasm Al-Hamis village - Musharafa Al-Zakiya village). Irrigation technology was applied With magnetized water (M) and water without magnetization (NM), a leaching factor of 15% was used with water added to the columns, and the irrigation process was repeated ten times. The results indicated that the use of the water of Rasm Al-Hamis well and the well of Mishrifa, the magnetic purity, contributed to the washing of salts by 20% and 16% for the surface and subsurface layers, respectively, compared to similar treatments irrigated with normal water, and the results of the statistical analysis indicated that the decrease in the concentration of salts in the washed columns The magnetized water was significant. As for the magnetized water of the Euphrates, it contributed to the washing of salts from the surface layer within the soil columns by about 5.5%, compared with the treatment irrigated with non-magnetized Euphrates river water, and the decrease in the concentration of salts was not significant. The data indicated in general to the significant role of the washing coefficient applied in this study in the disposal of salts, in particular soda salts, as the data showed that the magnetization of water added to the studied soil columns contributed clearly in reducing the values of the adsorbed sodium ratio (SAR) and the ratio of exchangeable sodium (ESP) compared to the non-magnetized irrigation water. The magnetization of water also contributed to improving the porosity of soil irrigated with magnetized water, compared to treatments irrigated with ordinary water.
The research was conducted at the Forestry Nursery of the Directorate
of Agriculture in Deir Ezzor Governorate during the growing season of
2019. The objective of the study was to study the effect of humic acid
application and different irrigation
intervals on chemical composition of
blue panic plant (Panicum antidotale). The experiment was implemented in
a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) by planting Panicum seeds
in polyethylene bags filled with 2 soils to 1 sand mixture in four replicates.
Whereas three irrigation intervals (7, 14, and 21 days) and two humic acid
application treatments (control without addition and application of humic
acid) were used. Fresh plant sample from each treatment was taken at each
cut, and samples were dried at 70C
until weight was stable. Chmeical
compostion was conducted for the samples and dry matter %, crude protein
%, crude fiber %, total carbohydrate %, and ether extract % were estimated
according the the common methods. The results showed that the control
treatment (irrigation every 7 days) was significantly superior to the two
irrigation treatments every 14 days and 21 days in the percentage of soliable
carbohydrates (42.09%). While, irrigation treatment every 14 days
outperformed the other irrigation treatments and recorded the highest values
of percentage of crude protein (17.07%) and the percentage of ether extract (2.73%). The irrigation treatment every 21 days gave the highest values of
ash percentage (16.38%). No significant differences were recorded between
the irrigation treatments for the percentage of dry matter and the percentage
of crude fiber. The control treatment of humic acid outperformed the
addition of humic acid interms of the percentage of crude fiber (CF), while
the treatment of addition of humic acid outperformed the control in the
percentages of crude protein (CP), ash and ether extract (EE). No significant
differences were recorded between the application and control of humic acid
treatments in dry matter % and the percentage of soluble carbohydrates. The
effect of the interaction between irrigation intervals and the application of
humic acid was significant for all the studied characteristics. The control
treatment (irrigation every 7 days) with the addition of humic acid recorded
the highest values for the percentage of soluble carbohydrates (42.92%).
The irrigation treatment every 14 days with the addition of humic acid gave
the highest values in the percentage of crude protein (17.81%), the
percentage of ash (16.55%) and the percentage of extracted ether (2.81%).
As for the irrigation treatment every 21 days with the addition of humic
acid, had the highest values for the percentage of dry matter (96.25%)
The soil water erosion risk is one of the most important problems and
challenges facing the agricultural process in the Syrian coast today. The aim
of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of dangerous areas of
water erosion in the
basin of the Mrqyieh River using CORINE model. To
achieve this objective, the first phase of the study was to evaluate the soil
erosion viability based on soil characteristics (soil texture, soil depth and
percentage of stones); these properties were classified according to their
influence degree on soil erosion. The potential risk erosion map was based
on crossing all information obtained from soil erodibility, erosivity index
and the degree of slope at study area by using GIS technologies. The land
cover map of the study was produced and classified to two classes
depending on soil protection degree. Then, an actual risk map of soil erosion
was prepared after crossing land cover and potential risk erosion classes of
study sites. This study showed that 14.8% of the studied area facing high
risk of soil erosion, while the soil risk was moderate in 40.4% and low in
44.8% of the study area. The highly risked erosion area was located in the
center, northern and northwest parts of the study area. Moreover, the study
confirmed that the land cover is the most influential factor on soil water
erosion. The results showed that the Corine model for soil water erosion
mapping is a highly effective and cost-effective approach
The objective of the research is to predict the production and
area of tobacco production in the Syrian Arab Republic for the period
(2019-2027) using ARIMA analysis, based on time series data on
production and cultivated area for the period 1975-
2017.The research
was based primarily on the secondary data of FAO, based on the
descriptive method of analysis in both descriptive and quantitative
terms, using the linear analysis of the time series regression function
in its various mathematical images, as well as using Box-Jenkins
method to predict future values of production The maximal
Likelihood Estimation (MLE) for Autoregressive Integrated Moving
Average (ARIMA) models.Results showed that the best predictive
models of production and cultivated area during the required period
were ARIMA (2.2,2)According to the selected model, the production
volume in 2019 will reach 9130.9 tons between a minimum of 3056.9
tons and a maximum of 15205.0 tons, and it will continue to decline
until 2025 to reach 920.0 tons and increase again in 2026 to 6766.4
tons between a minimum of 6579.3 tons and a maximum of 7932.0
tons, and then returns to decline again in the year (2027) to 2281.4
tons.The cultivated area will reach 2,736.9 hectares in the year 2019
to a minimum of 3010.4 ha and a maximum of 11,236.5 ha. It will
continue to decline until 2088 to reach 3588.5 hectares. This will
increase again in 2026 to 4966.7 hectares between a minimum of
4553.5 ha and maximum of 10487.0 hectares and it is expected to
decline in 2027 to reach 3830.5 hectares between a minimum of
3623.6 and maximum of 10284.5 hectares.
A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was used
to detect infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in the commercial broiler flocks in
Syria. 50 tissue samples were taken from tracheal tissue, trachea and kidney of
the broil
ers suspected of infectious bronchitis (IB) from different governorates
of Syria i.e. Latakia, Tartous, Hama and Damascus countryside. RNA was
extracted directly from the tissue samples and then RNA was converted to cDNA
by RT-PCR technology; PCR reaction and Nested PCR interaction were carried
out sequentially. The primers used in the RT-PCR reaction were selected from
the S1 gene (spike), where mutations of the virus genome were concentrated in
this region (the hypervariable region). Some positive samples (10) were injected
at an age of 9-11 days old SPFEE-specific pathogen free embryonated eggs
according to the methods adopted in virology. This research was carried out at
the laboratories of Latakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific
Agricultural Research GCSAR, in cooperation with the PCR laboratory at the
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Hama. The results showed the existence of 37
positive case for RT-PCR (74%), and the infectious embryos showed clear and
characteristic anatomical lesions of the infectious bronchitis virus after 5-6 days
post injection, delayed and undeveloped fetal (dwarfism), fingertip entanglement
and hemorrhage compared with the negative control. The results also showed the
sensitivity and speed of the RT-PCR test in the detection of the IBV virus.
An experiment was carried out under the conditions of the green house at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo. The aim of research is determine the effect of the addition of humic acid to the irrigated soils by saline water in their organ
ic carbon content and the yield of the wheat crop. The experiment was designed in a split-spilt dissection method. The main sections comprising three levels of irrigation water salinity (W1:0, W2:3, W3:6 g-1 NaCl). Three levels of gypsum were mixed with soil: (G1:0, G2:25, G3:50 g). Three levels of humic acid were added with irrigation water (H3:48, H2:24, H1:0 kg/h). The coefficient Leaching with irrigation water for W3 and W2 was applied at %10 and %20 of the field capacity, respectively.
The results showed that the addition of humic acid contributed to the increase in the stock of organic carbon. The highest percentage of organic matter (2.70%) was found in the deep layer (W3G3H3), while the lowest ratio was (1.41%) in the surface layer of treatment (W3G2H1). The role of humic acid, especially at the level of H3, was clearly demonstrated in increasing the productivity and weight of the 1000 grains for the wheat crop. The study confirmed the role of the leaching factor in the organic carbon losses of the soil, where organic carbon was losses (%26.31) with leaching factor 10%, where the losses (%44.74) with leaching factor was 20%.
Six inbred lines of maize namely; A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), E (5) and F (6) were
used in half diallel cross. The seeds of inbred lines and its single cross hybrids were
cultivated in an experiment using randomized completely block design (RCBD) w
ith
three replicates, at Twaitha Research Station, Plant Breeding Improvement Center,
Iraq, during autumn season (2016). The parents and F1 were significantly differed
at 5% for number of days to tasseling and silking, plant height (cm), ear diameter
(cm) and yield per plant. Some hybrids showed a significant desirable heterosis for
studied traits such as days to tasseling and silking. While plant height and yield per
plant for all hybrids showed a significant desirable heterosis (deviation of F1 from
mid parents). The mean squares of general and specific combining ability were
highly significant for all traits. The additive and dominance variances were differed
from zero for all studied traits. The broad sense heritability values were high for
all studied traits. Narrow sense heritability was moderate for number of days to
tasseling, plant height and ear diameter, but it was low for number of days to silking
and yield per plant. The average degree of dominance was higher than one for all
traits.
