The role of environmental awareness in the management of municipal solid waste A field study in the province of Lattakia

The problem of waste is getting worse day by day, which may represent a heavy burden on municipalities, that they are unable to process it in most situations. Man is primarily responsible for the waste form, and any scheme for management municipal solid waste most take into account the role environmental awareness among the citizens of north sides: the first is to reduce the amount of waste produced through improving people's behavior's and their dietony habits. The second by working to strengthen its role in contributing to with the municipality in sorting and recycling and willingness to buy recycled good, which contributes to ease costs, and thus improve the management. The aim of this research to identify the degree of presence environmental awareness about the management of solid waste in the province of Lattakia from the point of view of the mushers of research sample. And to identify the differences in their views depending on the variables studied (sex gender, educational level, place of residence). Research Applied on a sample of the population of the province of Lattakia that number had reached 280 people. The researcher used the questionnaire, which was relied upon in reaching the results of the study, was to ensure the stability of the resolution in two ways: first way retail midterm has reached stability coefficient (0.829), and the second method equation Cronbach alpha was the reliability coefficient was (0.793), a transaction firming acceptable statistically. The study reached the following conclusions: the presence of environmental awareness about the seriousness of solid waste on our lives and consider it the source of contamination and disease. And the existence of a social willingness to contribute to the management of solid waste as sort of domestic or work in environmental associations. The environmental awareness is spreading in the province as a whole, but noted concern for the environment in the city, most of the countryside. As environmental awareness associated cultural level where it was noted the high level of awareness among the educated classes more than illiterate. It has been observed is that to the environmental awareness is equally between males and females. The research found the most important proposals : attention to publish more environmental awareness among community groups is an educated in addition to spreading the culture of voluntary work in the field of environment an educated.

Assessing the efficiency of Desalting unit and Treatment Plant in removing some heavy Metals from the Effluent Refinery of Banyas Company

This study aims to determine the concentrations of some heavy metals that are present in the crude oil and in liquid waste of the crude oil desalting unit .The extraction method (liquid-solid) is used for concentrating and extraction these compounds from the saltwater samples .Samples were collected from the unit’s discharging points and from the subsequent treatment stages .A suitable analytical method was used to extract these metals from both of crude oil and the oil refineries᾿ liquid wastes. The objective of this study is to observe the fate of these wastes from the discharging points of desalting unit and through physical – chemical – biological treatment stages and dawn to the receiving water (Mediterranean sea). The results showed that Syrian crude oil contains a combination of heavy metals which includes : (Vanadium – Nickel – Iron – Zinc – Manganese – Copper – Cadmium – Lead - Chromium and Cobalt) .Vanadium showed the highest concentration followed by Nickel and Iron subsequently ,the total efficiency of the treatment plant achieved the following efficiencies : 41.06% (Vanadium), 44.92% (Nickel) and 39.34% ( Iron) ,then the concentration of these discharges where compared with those in marine system to show the possible adverse effects of these compounds on the surrounding biosphere.

Contribution To The Development of The Collection And The Transfer Processes of Solid Waste In Lattakia City Using Geographical Information Systems

The process of collecting and transporting solid waste is the first and fundamental issue in the management of solid waste as it is the most economically expensive operation, in which its expenses in the process of system of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) reaches about 60-70% of the total expenditure. This process starts from placing waste in containers till unloading these containers in transportation vehicles and then carry them to transfer stations or final disposal sites. The fees of collection and transportation can be reduced through the selection of the optimal path, and thus obtaining many economical benefits. In this research, the applications of geographical information systems (GIS) have been used in order to choose the optimal route for waste collection, transportation and transference in the city of Lattakia, Where a database has been designed which included mainly the streets, bridges and tunnels, it also included residential areas serviced by waste containers, and the process of linking them to each other took place by using the techniques of GIS in order to choose the best economical and timetable ways for the traffic of vehicles to collect and transport the waste, which contributes practically and effectively in improving the activities of municipal solid waste management in this city.

Using Natural Zeolite to Removal Vanadium, Nikle from Industrial wastewater

The study was carried out to remove of heavy metals (V+5, Ni+2) under static conditions from aqueous solutions by Syrian Zeolite mineral extracted from south of Syria. The results revealed that operational conditions such as initial solution pH and concentration, adsorbent particle size, the presence of competing cations, are able to affect the adsorption capacity and efficiency of natural zeolite.

التقويم البيئي لوحدات المعالجة الطبيعية للمخلفات البلدية الصلبة – دراسة حالة معمل السماد في محافظة اللاذقية –

يقوم نظام المعالجة الحالي للمخلفات الصلبة في محافظة اللاذقية (معمل البصة لتحويل المخلفات إلى محسنات تربة) على ثلاث مراحل: فيزيائية و بيولوجية (تهوية طبيعية) و نهائيـة (إنضـاج). يهـدف البحث إلى تقويم هذا النظام بواقعه الفعلي حيث يشمل تحديد التركيب النـوعي و الكثافـة و الرطوبـة النسبية للقمامة الخام في معمل التسميد، هذا بالإضافة إلى تحديد تغير درجة الحرارة و نسبة الإشباع بالأوكسجين الهوائي خلال عملية المعالجة البيولوجية للقمامة، إذ تم إجراء التحاليـل النوعيـة فـي فترتين مختارتين من العام (2001-2000) ، و قد كانت النتائج محققة للشروط الصحية و ذلك عند إطالة فترة التخمير من الحالة الواقعية بالشكل الأعظمي (8 أيام) إلى حالة بحثية (18 يومـاً). كمـا يعمـل البحث على تحديد التركيب الحبي للسماد النهائي، و قد كانت النتائج الحاصلة هنا مهمـة مـن حيـث ارتفاع نسبة المواد الخاملة في السماد الناعم بنوعيه (أبعاد حبيباته 10-20 ملم و أقل مـن 10 ملـم) مما يقلل من صلاحية استخدام السماد النهائي للأغراض الزراعية، و هذا يؤكد أيضاً علـى ضـرورة إجراء فرز للمواد الأولية القابلة للاسترجاع (بلاستيك، معادن، منسوجات، زجاج) و للمـواد الخاملـة (رمل، طين، حجارة، عظام....) من المخلفات الخام قبل إخضاعها للمعالجة البيولوجية.

Reducing methane emissions from municipal solid waste landfills by using mechanical biological treatment (Case Study Wady Alhaddeh (MBT) plant, In Tartous)

In developing countries, including Syria solid waste sector contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly methane, due to the lack of methods of integrated management of solid waste in these countries. The objective of this research is to study the feasibility and effectiveness of mechanical biological treatment of municipal solid waste in a way to reduce methane gas emissions compared to the way the indiscriminate dumping of municipal solid waste. In order to reach this goal is the use of the formula contained in the guidelines of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in account the emissions of methane from municipal solid waste sector in the Syrian Tartous in the case of landfilling of municipal solid waste generated by the province during the years from 2010 until 2015 in random landfills. In order to compare the account is an assumption that the same amount of municipal solid waste generated by the province during the years from 2010 to 2015 have been treated in accordance with the mechanical biological treatment method. It was also calculate the amount of methane emitted from municipal solid waste entering the integrated waste treatment center in the Province of Tartous within one year from the beginning of June 2014 until the end of May 2015, using mechanical biological treatment method. This study concluded that the mechanical biological treatment for municipal solid waste significantly reduces the amount of methane emissions from solid waste sector compared to the landfill, where the percentage of reduction in the emission of methane 93%.

دراسة تطور أجناس الطحالب في بحيرات الأكسدة للمعالجة البيولوجية لمياه الصرف الصحي في مدینة السلمية / محافظة حماه

جرى دراسة محطة معالجة السلمية لمياه الصرف الصحي من الناحية البيولوجية، حيـث تـمّ التعرف إلى /20/ نوعاً من الطحالب في بحيـرات الأكسـدة موزعـة علـى مجموعـات المشطورات (Diatomaphyceae) و الطحالب الزرقاء (Cyanophyta) و الطحالب الخضـراء (Chlorophyta) و الطحالب الأغلينية (Euglenophyta) . و قد تمّ تحديد الأجناس فـي كـل حوض و تحديد غزارة كل جنس في كل حوض، و تحديد الغزارة الكلية في كل حوض و في كل سلسلة و في المحطة كلها بشكل عام، حيث لوحظ زيادة التنوع في الفتـرة البـاردة و زيـادة الغزارة و قلة التنوع في الفترة الحارة.

Lead, Zinc Removal from Industrial wastewater using Syrian Natural Zeolite /phillipsite/ from southern Syria

The study was carried out on the sorption of heavy metals (Pb+2, Zn+2) under static conditions from single- and multicomponent aqueous solutions by Syrian Zeolite mineral extracted from south Syria. The removal has an ion-exchange nature and consists of three stages: the adsorption on the surface of microcrystals, the inversion stage, and the moderate adsorption in the interior of the microcrystal, The study showed that equilibrium time is 6 hours, and The slight difference between adsorption capacity of the Zeolite toward lead, zinc from single- and multicomponent solutions may testify to individual sorption centers of the zeolite for each metal. The maximum sorption capacity toward pb2+ is determined as 33.89 mg/g at an equilibrium concentration of 261.07 mg/L and toward Zn+2 as 29.18 mg/g at 309.818 mg/L. Langmuir and Freundlich Adsorption Isotherms were used to evaluate natural zeolite adsorption performance for Lead, Zinc. These Isotherms were able to provide suitable fit with experimental data, the factor R2 ranged between 0.95 – 0.99, with better fit to Langmuir Isotherm.

Effects of Sewage Sludge Application on Dry Biomass and Wood Volume of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Plantation in Fedio (Lattakia)

This study was carried out during 2013 – 2015 and aimed to assess the effects of applying dry sewage sludge on dry biomass production and wood volume of Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation established on sandy soil in Fedio plantation-Lattakia at April - 2013. Four experimental treatments were compared at age 22 months: SS1 (sewage sludge 3 kg/tree), SS2 (sewage sludge 6 kg/tree), MF (mineral fertilizer), and C (no fertilizer applications). Aboveground dry biomass production and wood volume in the SS1 treatment were about 107.60 t/ ha and 121.13 m3/harespectively, MF treatment (87.52 t/ha, 96.98 m3/ha) and SS2 treatment (91.12 t/ha, 103.42 m3/ha)and higher than in the control treatment (43.89 t/ha, 51.32 m3/ha ).

The Effect of Applying Sewage Sludge on Biomass Production and Wood Volume of Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Generally, sewage sludge is dumped into sanitary landfills, even though its use in forest stands as a fertilizer and soil conditioner might be an interesting option. However, sewage sludge must be applied with care to avoid soil and water pollution. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of applying dry sewage sludge on wet biomass production and wood volume of short rotation Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation established on sandy soil in Fedio plantation.