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Register a new userReducing methane emissions from municipal solid waste landfills by using mechanical biological treatment (Case Study Wady Alhaddeh (MBT) plant, In Tartous)
تخفيض انبعاث الميتان من مطامر النفايات البلدية الصلبة باستخدام المعالجة الميكانيكية البيولوجية (حالة الدراسة: معمل وادي الهدة، طرطوس)
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يساهم قطاع النفايات الصلبة و خاصة في البلدان النامية و منها سوريا في انبعاث غازات الدفيئة و بشكل أساسي غاز الميثان، و ذلك نتيجة لعدم توفر طرق الإدارة المتكاملة للمخلفات الصلبة في هذه الدول. و قد هدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة جدوى و فعالية طريقة المعالجة الميكانيكية البيولوجية للمخلفات البلدية الصلبة في تخفيض انبعاثات غاز الميتان مقارنة بطريقة الطمر العشوائي للمخلفات البلدية الصلبة. و من أجل الوصول إلى هذا الهدف فقد تم استخدام المعادلة الواردة في الخطوط التوجيهية للفريق الدولي المعني بتغير المناخ في حساب انبعاثات الميتان الناتجة عن قطاع النفايات البلدية الصلبة في محافظة طرطوس السورية في حالة طمر النفايات البلدية الصلبة المتولدة عن المحافظة خلال الأعوام من 2010 و حتى 2015 في المكبات العشوائية، و من أجل المقارنة تم إجراء الحساب بافتراض أن نفس الكمية من النفايات البلدية الصلبة المتولدة عن المحافظة خلال الأعوام من 2010 و حتى 2015 قد تمت معالجتها وفق طريقة المعالجة الميكانيكية البيولوجية. كما و قد تم حساب كمية غاز الميتان المنبعثة من النفايات البلدية الصلبة الداخلة إلى المركز المتكامل لمعالجة النفايات (معمل وادي الهدة) في (محافظة) طرطوس خلال عام من بداية حزيران 2014 حتى نهاية أيار 2015, باستخدام طريقة المعالجة الميكانيكية البيولوجية. و بنتيجة الدراسة فقد تبين أن طريقة المعالجة الميكانيكية البيولوجية للنفايات البلدية الصلبة تخفّض بشكل كبير كمية انبعاثات الميتان من قطاع النفايات البلدية الصلبة مقارنة بعملية الطمر في المكبات العشوائية, حيث وصلت نسبة التخفيض الحاصل في انبعاث الميتان إلى 93%.
In developing countries, including Syria solid waste sector contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly methane, due to the lack of methods of integrated management of solid waste in these countries. The objective of this research is to study the feasibility and effectiveness of mechanical biological treatment of municipal solid waste in a way to reduce methane gas emissions compared to the way the indiscriminate dumping of municipal solid waste. In order to reach this goal is the use of the formula contained in the guidelines of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in account the emissions of methane from municipal solid waste sector in the Syrian Tartous in the case of landfilling of municipal solid waste generated by the province during the years from 2010 until 2015 in random landfills. In order to compare the account is an assumption that the same amount of municipal solid waste generated by the province during the years from 2010 to 2015 have been treated in accordance with the mechanical biological treatment method. It was also calculate the amount of methane emitted from municipal solid waste entering the integrated waste treatment center in the Province of Tartous within one year from the beginning of June 2014 until the end of May 2015, using mechanical biological treatment method. This study concluded that the mechanical biological treatment for municipal solid waste significantly reduces the amount of methane emissions from solid waste sector compared to the landfill, where the percentage of reduction in the emission of methane 93%.
References used
PENMAN, J.; GYTARSKY, M.; HIRAISHI, T.; IRVING, W.; KRUG, T. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Overview, NGGIP, IGES, Japan, 2006, 12
MENIKPURA, S.; ARUN, J.; BENGTSSON, M. Mechanical Biological Treatment as a Solution for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Landfills in Thailand. The ISWA World Solid Waste Congress, Florence, Italy, September 2012, 10
PAN, J.; VOULVOULIS, N. The Role of Mechanical and Biological Treatment in Reducing Methane Emissions from Landfill Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste in the United Kingdom. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, Vol. 57, Issue 2,U.K., 2007, p155
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Latakia is a Syrian city that generates approximately 800 tons per day of municipal solid
waste MSW, and the final disposal of MSW is in Al-Bassa open dump with no biogas
capturing or leachate collection systems. Thus, a life cycle assessment appro
ach LCA was
used to determine the optimal strategy of municipal solid waste management. to find the
most eco-friendly scenario, first, the composition study of MSW was conducted in Latakia.
The results of first step are to be utilized as a reliable data source in establishing a
complete picture of the environmental performances of municipal solid waste management
systems with a life cycle perspective. The functional unit of the study was selected as one
ton of MSW generated in Latakia. System boundaries included treatment and disposal of
MSW using different scenarios: the open dump of waste, sanitary landfilling with gas
recovery, and a material recovery facility MRF combined with a sanitary landfill and gas
recovery. Data on the process was gathered from a field study conducted in Latakia, and
from SimaPro 8.3.0 literature and libraries. The data was evaluated with IMPACT 2002+
methodology and the assessed environmental impact categories were climate change,
human health, ecosystem quality, and resources. According to the results, while open
dumping has been confirmed as the worst waste final disposal method, landfilling with gas
recovery and material recovery facility showed better performance and is considered as a
solution towards improved sustainability to overcome the existing waste management
problem.
The problem of waste is getting worse day by day, which may represent a heavy burden on municipalities, that they are unable to process it in most situations. Man is primarily responsible for the waste form, and any scheme for management municipal so
lid waste most take into account the role environmental awareness among the citizens of north sides: the first is to reduce the amount of waste produced through improving people's behavior's and their dietony habits.
The second by working to strengthen its role in contributing to with the municipality in sorting and recycling and willingness to buy recycled good, which contributes to ease costs, and thus improve the management.
The aim of this research to identify the degree of presence environmental awareness about the management of solid waste in the province of Lattakia from the point of view of the mushers of research sample. And to identify the differences in their views depending on the variables studied (sex gender, educational level, place of residence). Research Applied on a sample of the population of the province of Lattakia that number had reached 280 people. The researcher used the questionnaire, which was relied upon in reaching the results of the study, was to ensure the stability of the resolution in two ways: first way retail midterm has reached stability coefficient (0.829), and the second method equation Cronbach alpha was the reliability coefficient was (0.793), a transaction firming acceptable statistically. The study reached the following conclusions: the presence of environmental awareness about the seriousness of solid waste on our lives and consider it the source of contamination and disease. And the existence of a social willingness to contribute to the management of solid waste as sort of domestic or work in environmental associations. The environmental awareness is spreading in the province as a whole, but noted concern for the environment in the city, most of the countryside. As environmental awareness associated cultural level where it was noted the high level of awareness among the educated classes more than illiterate. It has been observed is that to the environmental awareness is equally between males and females.
The research found the most important proposals : attention to publish more environmental awareness among community groups is an educated in addition to spreading the culture of voluntary work in the field of environment an educated.
يقوم نظام المعالجة الحالي للمخلفات الصلبة في محافظة اللاذقية (معمل البصة لتحويل المخلفات إلى
محسنات تربة) على ثلاث مراحل: فيزيائية و بيولوجية (تهوية طبيعية) و نهائيـة (إنضـاج). يهـدف
البحث إلى تقويم هذا النظام بواقعه الفعلي حيث يشمل تحديد التركيب ا
لنـوعي و الكثافـة و الرطوبـة
النسبية للقمامة الخام في معمل التسميد، هذا بالإضافة إلى تحديد تغير درجة الحرارة و نسبة الإشباع
بالأوكسجين الهوائي خلال عملية المعالجة البيولوجية للقمامة، إذ تم إجراء التحاليـل النوعيـة فـي
فترتين مختارتين من العام (2001-2000) ، و قد كانت النتائج محققة للشروط الصحية و ذلك عند إطالة
فترة التخمير من الحالة الواقعية بالشكل الأعظمي (8 أيام) إلى حالة بحثية (18 يومـاً). كمـا يعمـل
البحث على تحديد التركيب الحبي للسماد النهائي، و قد كانت النتائج الحاصلة هنا مهمـة مـن حيـث
ارتفاع نسبة المواد الخاملة في السماد الناعم بنوعيه (أبعاد حبيباته 10-20 ملم و أقل مـن 10 ملـم)
مما يقلل من صلاحية استخدام السماد النهائي للأغراض الزراعية، و هذا يؤكد أيضاً علـى ضـرورة
إجراء فرز للمواد الأولية القابلة للاسترجاع (بلاستيك، معادن، منسوجات، زجاج) و للمـواد الخاملـة
(رمل، طين، حجارة، عظام....) من المخلفات الخام قبل إخضاعها للمعالجة البيولوجية.
The study aims to identify the effect of Physical and moral
incentives which provided to employees in the Cement's factory in
Tartous on their satisfaction on their work, and to shed some light
on the incentive systems applied to employees in that sector.
The process of collecting and transporting solid waste is the first and fundamental issue in the management of solid waste as it is the most economically expensive operation, in which its expenses in the process of system of municipal solid waste man
agement (MSWM) reaches about 60-70% of the total expenditure. This process starts from placing waste in containers till unloading these containers in transportation vehicles and then carry them to transfer stations or final disposal sites.
The fees of collection and transportation can be reduced through the selection of the optimal path, and thus obtaining many economical benefits.
In this research, the applications of geographical information systems (GIS) have been used in order to choose the optimal route for waste collection, transportation and transference in the city of Lattakia, Where a database has been designed which included mainly the streets, bridges and tunnels, it also included residential areas serviced by waste containers, and the process of linking them to each other took place by using the techniques of GIS in order to choose the best economical and timetable ways for the traffic of vehicles to collect and transport the waste, which contributes practically and effectively in improving the activities of municipal solid waste management in this city.
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