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Register a new userThe Concept of Movement according to Ibn Sina
مفهوم الحركة عند ابن سينا
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Tishreen University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2022
fields
Philosphy
and research's language is
العربية
Created by
Shamra Editor
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نحاول من خلال هذا البحث التركيز على مسألة أساسية وهامة وهي الحركة عند ابن سينا , حيث أننا نتناول فيه تعريفه للحركة والذي لم يقتصر فيه على فكرتي القوة والفعل وإنما نظر إليه من زاوية أخرى , موضحاً أهم الأمور التي تقتضيها الحركة وتتعلق بها , ونحاول أن نبين الفرق بين الحركة والتغير حتى نتمكن من تحديد أهم المقولات التي تقع فيها الحركة دون غيرها من المقولات العشر وصلة ذلك بالمكان, ونحاول أن نبين موقف ابن سينا من الحركة في ذاتها من حيث وحدتها وكثرتها ومقاييسها ومن حيث تضادها , وكيف رد على جميع الاعتراضات التي تتعلق بالحركة وأحكامها .
We try through this research to focus on a basic and important issue, which is movement according to Ibn Sina, as we deal in it with his definition of movement, in which he was not limited to the ideas of force and action, but looked at it from another angle, explaining the most important matters that movement requires and is related to, and we try to show the difference Between movement and change so that we can identify the most important categories in which movement occurs without the other ten categories and their connection to the place, and we try to show Ibn Sina’s position on movement in itself in terms of its unity, its abundance, its measures and its contradiction, and how he responded to all the objections related to movement and its provisions.
References used
Badawi, Abdel Rahman, Philosophy and Philosophers in Arab Civilization, The Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing, (D.T)
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The research includes: an Introduction which gave the definition of the movement (ancient and modern)
and shows the movement in the artwork and its divisions: virtual and physical external and internal
movement.
1 – The external virtual and physic
al movement that can be extrapolated through the creation of the
artwork and the relationship of elements to each other. The researcher provides the metal works that are
related to parts of the joints moving and refers to Calder as a leader of this method in sculpture.
2 - The internal Movement in the work of art: starting from movement of the point to form a line, then
the surface, down to the size of three-dimensional work, and the movement of diodes within the artwork.
Stages of the vision of the artwork it is: split into three phases a - from the standpoint of sensory, that is,
through sight movement, and the transition between the elements of the artwork, b - the analytical and
cognitive process of the similar or contrasting binaries of art work trends of elements in it, and its
interlocutor, c - the process of mind which includes The story behind the artwork.
The researcher finally deals the rhythm of the movement in the work of art, the futurism, and structural
sculpture through "Tatlin" and "Boccioni" and others. The research ends with analyzing two artworks
for the artists: Picasso and Maillol.
Studies and research about rhetoric have varied concerning the definition of rhetoric,
but most of them look at rhetoric from on side only. Rhetoric was classified as being a kind
of research concerned with the art of persuasion in its techniques,
means and components.
But it is certain that the political and social conditions of the greak life, led these
philosophical studies and linguistic research especially, rhetoric. This made Aristotle
divide rhetoric into three sections.
The research delt with two main titles, the first one was Rhetoric according to
Aristotle. It combines between mans ability to speak and express on one hand becavse man
is a speaker and expressor who naturally looks for persuasion. In his speech, he tries to
convince as many people as possible. To do this, he uses many instinctive means. Aristotle
was concerned with rhetoric due to its mental and psychological sides.
He tried to find a kind of balance between the means of persuasion and means of
influence. He made convincing help infuencing. He diffentiated between kinds of proofs,
the made proofs and the non made proofs. The other ones were the base of the rhetoric
structure for Aristotle. The argumentative linguistic text is different from other texts that it
builds an interactive structure based on some means that aim to persuade and affect the
recipient.
The aim of this research is to study the concept of history and evolution for
“IbnKhaldun” through a systematic illustration of the meaning of history. Therefore, we
present this research in order to reach the philosophy of history for “IbnKhaldun”
and to
highlight the importance of this philosopher as one of the founders of the philosophy of
history as his conception of history makes him close to contemporary philosophers.
This perception is crystallized to history on rejecting the “empiricalconcept”
radically. Therefore, we find that the history of “IbnKhaldun” is not a narrative of news,
but it is an explanation of eventsin which we can build it a new science.
The concept of progress that was crystallized in the eighteenth century has signs in
the introduction of IbnKhaldun in which he presented a methodology for studying history
in its interior movement and not in appearance. In addition, the problematic questions that
raised by “IbnKhaldun” opened horizons for knowledge and development such as:
What is the relationship between historical knowledge and historical writing? Is it
possible for history to be part of science?
This research also points to the errors of historians, which occur for many complex
reasons that might be psychological, social, political and cultural.
The errors also may happen because of a lack in knowledge about the laws of nature.
This research tries to address the problem of Ibn Wahab Al-Kateb Types of Rhetorics
according to Al-Jahiz and Ibn Wahab Al-Kateb
accusing Abi Othman Al-Jahiz of not giving rhetorics what it is worth, and of not
studying it thoroughfully. Ibn Wahab
claimed completing what is missed through his
detailed study of the types of rhetorics, which are, to a large extent, similar to the types of
rhetorics according to Abi Othman.The later referred to the importance of the relation
between pronunciation, meaning and the necessity of the accordance between the two. In
addition, meaning is prior to pronunciation because it depends upon thought and
contemplation. He describes the types of rhetorics in a pyramidal sequential through levels
that stem-- and result-- from each other.
Similarly, Ibn wahab considers that the types of rhetorics result from each other.
These types, according to critics, are a process of a birth of these forms.
Despite the big similarity of the types of rhetorics according to both Ibn Wahab Al-
Kateb and Abi Othman Al-Jahiz, the first was not only a transcriber, but also he added and
clarified in certain areas. He exclusively talked about writers and classified them in one of
five: transcript writer, pronunciation writer, contract writer, judgment writer and
management writer. He also mentioned the most important features that a transcript writer
must have and divided writers into three levels. He extended in talking about the types of
handwriting and the forms of pens. These issues were dropped by Al-Jahiz when talking
about the types of rhetorics.
Ibn Kayem Al-Jawziyya, is Shams Al-Din Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Abi Bakr
Ibn Ayyub Ibn Saad Zorai Damascus. (691/1291-751/1350).This researcher putted
important scientific facts in the reproduction, in a scientific manner, he wrote about
fertiliz
ation and how to already happening, so he earlier in European`s scientists in
ontogenesis theory, and that by saying: "The fetus creates from man`s water with
woman`s water" so he violated the preformation theory that prevailed in the Middle
ages for many years. He also spooked about pregnancy, signs ,duration, and clinical
diagnosis, and the movement of the fetus ant the his coup. As well as, he described
the order of the Extra-embryonic membranes, under the name of veils by saying:'
the one of the veils of this darkness cloaking his own, he mentioned the almighty
phases of creation and transfer of case, and mentioned darkness of veils at the
abdomen and the darkness of the uterus and the darkness of the placenta, the each
one of these veil on the fetus". Researcher came to a brief explanation of the stages
of embryonic development of human starting the sperm and then embryo and then
fetus inside the uterus, and form systems and organs to determine the form of the
newborn and of the whole, and how to exit born to new life.
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