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The concept of " rhetorics " between Al-Jahiz and Ibn Wahab Al-Kateb

أقسام البيان بين الجاحظ و ابن وهب الكاتب

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 Publication date 2017
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This research tries to address the problem of Ibn Wahab Al-Kateb Types of Rhetorics according to Al-Jahiz and Ibn Wahab Al-Kateb accusing Abi Othman Al-Jahiz of not giving rhetorics what it is worth, and of not studying it thoroughfully. Ibn Wahab claimed completing what is missed through his detailed study of the types of rhetorics, which are, to a large extent, similar to the types of rhetorics according to Abi Othman.The later referred to the importance of the relation between pronunciation, meaning and the necessity of the accordance between the two. In addition, meaning is prior to pronunciation because it depends upon thought and contemplation. He describes the types of rhetorics in a pyramidal sequential through levels that stem-- and result-- from each other. Similarly, Ibn wahab considers that the types of rhetorics result from each other. These types, according to critics, are a process of a birth of these forms. Despite the big similarity of the types of rhetorics according to both Ibn Wahab Al- Kateb and Abi Othman Al-Jahiz, the first was not only a transcriber, but also he added and clarified in certain areas. He exclusively talked about writers and classified them in one of five: transcript writer, pronunciation writer, contract writer, judgment writer and management writer. He also mentioned the most important features that a transcript writer must have and divided writers into three levels. He extended in talking about the types of handwriting and the forms of pens. These issues were dropped by Al-Jahiz when talking about the types of rhetorics.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
يسعى هذا البحث إلى معالجة إشكالية اتهام ابن وهب الكاتب لأبي عثمان الجاحظ بعدم إعطاء البيان حقه وعدم دراسته دراسة كافية. يزعم ابن وهب استكمال ما فات الجاحظ من خلال دراسته التفصيلية لأوجه البيان، والتي تتشابه إلى حد كبير مع أوجه البيان عند الجاحظ. يشير الجاحظ إلى أهمية العلاقة بين اللفظ والمعنى وضرورة التناسب بينهما، حيث يعتبر أن المعنى أسبق من اللفظ ويأتي قبله لأنه يعتمد على الفكر والتأمل. يصنف الجاحظ أقسام البيان تصنيفاً هرمياً متسلسلاً من خلال طبقات تتحدر من سابقتها وتنتج عنها. بينما يرى ابن وهب أن أقسام البيان ناتجة بعضها من بعضها الآخر. على الرغم من التشابه الكبير في أقسام البيان بينهما، لم يكن ابن وهب ناقلاً ناسخاً فقط بل أضاف وأضاء في بعض الأماكن، حيث تحدث عن الكتّاب وحصرهم في خمسة أنواع، وذكر أهم الصفات التي يجب أن يتحلى بها كاتب الخط، وقسم المكاتب إلى ثلاث مراتب وتوسع في الحديث عن أجناس الخط وأنواع القلم. هذه الموضوعات أغفلها الجاحظ في أثناء حديثه عن أقسام البيان.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: على الرغم من الجهد الكبير الذي بذله الباحثان في مقارنة أقسام البيان بين الجاحظ وابن وهب الكاتب، إلا أن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن نقدها. أولاً، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولاً لو تم تضمين المزيد من الأمثلة العملية لتوضيح الفروق بين النظريتين. ثانياً، على الرغم من الإضافات التي قدمها ابن وهب، إلا أن الدراسة لم تركز بشكل كافٍ على تأثير هذه الإضافات على تطور البلاغة العربية. ثالثاً، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر توازناً إذا تم تسليط الضوء على نقاط القوة والضعف في كل من النظريتين بشكل متساوٍ. وأخيراً، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر فائدة إذا تم تضمين تحليل نقدي لأثر هذه النظريات على الأدب العربي المعاصر.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي أقسام البيان عند الجاحظ؟

    قسم الجاحظ البيان إلى خمسة أقسام هي اللفظ، الإشارة، العقد، الخط، والنصبة.

  2. ما هي الإضافة التي قدمها ابن وهب في دراسة البيان؟

    أضاف ابن وهب الحديث عن الكتّاب وحصرهم في خمسة أنواع، وذكر أهم الصفات التي يجب أن يتحلى بها كاتب الخط، وقسم المكاتب إلى ثلاث مراتب وتوسع في الحديث عن أجناس الخط وأنواع القلم.

  3. ما هو الفرق بين مفهوم البيان عند الجاحظ وابن وهب؟

    يرى الجاحظ أن البيان يعتمد على العلاقة بين اللفظ والمعنى وأن المعنى أسبق من اللفظ، بينما يرى ابن وهب أن أقسام البيان ناتجة بعضها من بعضها الآخر.

  4. كيف صنف الجاحظ أقسام البيان؟

    صنف الجاحظ أقسام البيان تصنيفاً هرمياً متسلسلاً من خلال طبقات تتحدر من سابقتها وتنتج عنها.


References used
ألتونجي, محمد. المعج المفصل في الأدب, دار الكتب العلمية, بيروت, ط 2, 1999م.
الجاحظ. عمرو بن بحر. البيان والتبّيين, تحق: درويش جويدي, المكتبة العصرية, د.ط, 2014 .
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