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Register a new userDetermination of Some Alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus L. Callus In Vitro
تقدير بعض القلويدات في كالس نبات عين البزون .Catharanthus roseus L خارج الجسم الحي
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المجلة السورية للبحوث الزراعية ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2018
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العربية
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جريت هذه الدّراسة في مختبر زراعة الأنسجة النباتيّة، قسم البستنة و هندسة الحدائق، كلية الزراعة و الغابات، جامعة الموصل بالعراق، و ذلك خلال الفترة 2014-2012 على نبات عين البزون Catharanthus roseus، صنف Nirvana Pink Blush الذي يُعدّ أحد النباتات الطبية الهامّة التي تحتوي على مجموعة من القلويدات. زُرعت أجزاء من الورقة، و العقد، و السلاميات على وسط موراشيج و سكوغ (MS) المجهّز بنفتالين حمض الخليك (NAA) بهدف استحداث الكالس. أُخذت البيانات بعد 28 يوم من الزراعة، حيث تمّ الحصول على أعلى وزن للكالس 0.612 غ و0.639 غ و0.835 غ من زراعة أجزاء كل من الورقة، و العقد، و السلامية على التوالي عند الوسط MS المزود بنحو 1.0 مغ/ل NAA. تمّ استحداث و تنمية الكالس من زراعة أجزاء من الورقة، و العقد، و السلاميات على وسط MS المجهز ببنزايل أدنين (BA) مضافاً له 1.0 مغ/ل NAA بعد 50 يوم من الزراعة.
This investigation was carried out at Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, University of Mosul, Iraq during 2012-2014) on Catharanthus roseus Variety; Nirvana Pink Blush, which is one of the important medicinal plant, containing a group of alkaloids. Parts of leaves, nodes, and internodes were cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA for callus initiation, data were taken after 28-day results refer that highest weight of callus; 0.612g, 0.639g ,0.835g were obtained from cultivated parts of leaves, nodes and internodes on MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg/l NAA respectively. Callus was initiated and cultured using parts of leaves, nodes and internodes on MS medium supplemented with BA and 1.0 mg/l of NAA, after 50 days.
References used
Azimi, A. A.; B.D. Hashemloian; H. Ebrahimzadeh; and A. Majd (2008). High in vitro production of anti-canceric indole alkaloids from periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) tissue culture. African J. of Biotechnology. 7(16): 2834-2839
Budhiraja, R.P. (2004). Separation chemistry new age international (P) Ltd., Publishers, PP. 424
Gilman, E.F.; and T. Howe. (1999). Catharanthus roseus. University of Florida - Cooperative Extension Service. Institute of Food and Agricultural Science. Fact Sheet FPS-112
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Experiments were conducted to study effect of radiation and salt levels on plant
regeneration from callus for two cultivars of potato i.e. Riviera and Burren, under
in vitro condition. Results showed that the efficiency of radiation in induced
reg
eneration from callus in Riviera cultivar at salt level of (10 dS m-1) and Burren
cultivar at salt levels (8, 12 dS m-1). For the purpose of making sure inheritance
of salinity tolerant, mutant clones (plants induced from salt tolerant calli, which
planted at salt levels of 8, 10, 12 dS m-1 and plants induced from non salt tolerant
calli, which planted at salt level of 6 dS m-1) and their parental cultivars (Riviera
and Burren) by exposing to salt stress conditions and comparing them with control
(6 dS m-1). Results revealed that the lowest percentage of reduction in plant height,
number of nods per plant and tuberization were observed in salt tolerant mutants.
Plant height and number of nodes/plant can be considered as selective morphological
markers for in vitro salt tolerance .
The Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) produces numerous
indole alkaloids, several of which have an important pharmaceutical uses such
as ajmalicine. The relationship between hypoxia and ajmalicine production in a
cell medium culture of C
atharanthus roseus were investigated during the cycle
of cell culture, as well as the growth in fresh and dry matter. The results show
that the lack of oxygenation in C20D cells provokes a very strong inhibition in
accumulation of the alkaloids and of other possible substances. This can be
explained by the absence of some downstream enzymes involved in the
biosynthesis chain of alkaloids or by the blockage of the upstream terpenes to
the production stage. Reoxygenation did not restore hypoxia effect on the
alkaloid accumulation.
Moreover, the present study showed that the addition of the loganin in the
4th day, in the cell culture medium subjected to hypoxia restored the alkaloid
production.
Also, the results show that the BAP increases the ajmalicine production. The
effect of hypoxia was not shown in the presence of cytokinine. The BAP can
without doubt decrease the effects of the hypoxia and increases the ajmalicine
production.
Stages of initial callus and embryiods of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L.
were histological and chronological studied begging from the ٢nd weeks of
culturing segment of shoot tip to ten months in MS medium containing ١٠٠mg/l
٢،٤-D with activated
charcoal in the dark. The study reveled that the active
meristematic cells were unequally distributed in the explant and concentrated
in the shoot apical dome and leaf margin. These cells are the bases from which
initial callus started its growth. Somatic proembryo appeared for the first time
as a meristematic cells groups separated from each other by relatively thick
walls after five months of culturing in continuos culture in the same medium .In
progress months (٦-١٠) the small simple proembryos continued into advanced
multicell embryos and underwent polarization. Also the embryos were
observed with attendance for division and separation into smaller or budded to
produce numerous other.
This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. Because of the importance of the food and economic of chickpea, two Winter chickpea cultivars (Ghab 4, Ghab 5) and two Vernal chickpea culti
vars were used (ILC263, ILC1929) and planted in pots until flowering, so the floral buds were picked before opened and washed with distilled water and alcohol three times. Anthers were separated and treated at preliminary temperatures (4 Cْ for 48 hours, and 35 Cْ for 12 hours), then it washed with a solution of hypochlorite of sodium( Naocl 2%) for a period of 15 minute, and washed with distilled sterilized water ,then where planted on the environment Murashige and Skoog ( MS) equipped with 1, 3 and 5 mg/L of auxin 2,4, D, as well as 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg /L of Cytokinin Benzyl Amino Purine( BAP) individually and with interaction between them and incubated under conditions of 27 Cْ and 75% of the humidity and the intensity of 1500 Lux of light for 16 hours. The main objective of research was to study the effect of both preliminary heating treatment , quality and concentration of used hormone on producing callus from used chickpea cultivars anthers. Results showed difference in cultivars response in the treatment of both temperature and single hormone, so Ghab 5 cultivar was the most responsive to the formation of callus, while the results indicated that the highest percentage of the formation of callus was 40% when treated at 4 Cْ of Ghab 4 and Ghab 5 cultivars, while ILC263 cultivar showed less response in all the individual treatments for growth regulators.
As well as results showed that the significant and catalyst role for using of hormones together with heat treatment, where each of Ghab 5, Ghab 4 and ILC1929 cultivars were the superiority, by the arrival of the percentage of 80% and 60%, respectively.
The environmental factors may have an effect on the contents of the active
materials in plants. Salinity is one of these factors that can have an influence through the calcium ion
which competes with the Na+, which in turn, affects the manufacture of alkaloids present in the Datura
stramunium.
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