لم يعرف العرب قبل قيام دولة الإسلام التنظيم و الإدارة بمفهومها الصحيح، حيث أنّ
مجيء الرسول (صلى الله عليه و سلم) بالدين الجديد يعد اللبنة الأولى للنظام الإداري في الدولة العربية لكن هذا النظام كان بسيطاً و بدائياً و متناسب مع الدولة العربية الحديثة الولادة، ثم أخذ بالتطور
زمن الخلفاء الراشدين بحسب مقتضيات المصلحة العامة للدولة، حتى بلغ أوج تطوره،
و ذروة ازدهاره في العصر الأموي، فعند انتقال السلطة للأمويين طوروا في هذا النظام بعد
أن احتكوا بالشعوب المتحضرة، و تأثروا بالنظم السياسية و الإدارية التي كانت سائدة عند
الروم و الفرس .
Before the appearance of the Islamic state,the Arabs didn,t know
the organization or the right concept of administration.Also,the new
religion which was known by prophet Mohammad(peace by upon
him)was the first step for the administrative system in the Arabic
country.But this system was simple,rudimentary and proportional to
the new born Arabic country.After that,the righteous caliphs time
has evolved according to the requirements of public interest of the
country until it reach to the top of its development,and flourish in
theUmayyad period.However,after the transmission of the authority
to theUmayyads after they confound the other cultured people and
be affected by their politic and administration systems ,they
developed this system .So ,after they created and invented ,they put
bases for the administrative organization which became equal to
administration systems which was known to theRoman and
Persians.
References used
العقاد (محمود عباس): معاوية بن أبي سفيان، مصر، نهضة مصر للطباعة و النشر، د.ط، د.ت .
شاهين (حمدي): الدولة الأموية المفترى عليها، القاهرة، دار القاهرة للكتاب، د.ط، د.ت .
The research deals with the aesthetics of the artistic image in the
prose text of the Umayyad period and how did it add more poetry to
prose;
This is because of the large number of images analogous and
metaphorical and canonical.
The study deals with the aesthetics of poetic language as the most
prominent object of the literary interplay in the prose text of the
writers, preachers and apostles of the Umayyad period.
The Umayyad state has raised on a basic support represented by Arab discrimination
. In time the prospect of the Islamic call has expended . The Arab Islamic world parties
have expended to include Arabs and non Arabs of different races . the suppor
This study is concerned with disclosure of the whereabouts of the
ideal recipient in the famous Umayyad opposites between Farazdaq
and Greer and Akhtal.
The organized government was unknown in Mecca in the
Islamic Period, and famous merchant with the most famous
families in Qurish" Called the "Mala`a" organized it. They was
meeting in "Dar Al-Nadoah" ,also, their decision was un
covenanted.
In M