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Register a new userThe Ability of Phragmites communis and Populus nigra to Accumulated Zinc and Cadmium on the Rumaila River's sides in Jableh- Latakia
مقدرة القصب Phragmites communis و الحور Populus nigra على مراكمة عنصري الزنك و الكادميوم على جانبي نهر الرميلة في جبلة - اللاذقية
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هدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة مقدرة كل من القصب الشائع Phragmites communis و الحور الأسود Populus nigra F.hamoui على مراكمة عنصري الكادميوم Cd و الزنك Zn, المنتشرين بشكل طبيعي على جانبي نهر الرميلة في مدينة جبلة. و ذلك خلال عامي 2014 – 2015، و ذلك في أربع مكررات لكل عينة, تم تقدير تراكيز العناصر الثقيلة المدروسة (Cd,Zn) باستخدام جهاز التحليل الطيفي بالامتصاص الذري. بلغ متوسط كمية الكادميوم في تربة الموقع المدروس (3.081 ppm) من الوزن الجاف متجاوزاً المجال الطبيعي لمحتوى الترب من الكادميوم و الذي يتراوح بين (0.06-1.1 ppm)، أظهرت الدراسة زيادة تركيز الكادميوم في أوراق القصب على ساقه (0.031- 0.055ppm) على التوالي، و قد بلغت قيمة معامل التراكم الحيوي (BF=0.014), أيضاً في نبات الحور ازداد تركيز الكادميوم في الأوراق على تركيزه في الأفرع (0.016-0.034ppm) ppm على التتالي، وكانت قيمة معامل التراكم الحيوي.(BF = 0.02) أما فيما يخص عنصر الزنك فقد بلغت متوسط كميته في تربة الموقع المدروس (116.61)ppm من الوزن الجاف, نجد أنه مرتفع لكنه أدنى من الحد الأعلى الطبيعي (150) ppm، وقد بّينت النتائج أن تركيز الزنك في أوراق القصب 9.05)ppm), بينما تركيزه في الساق (8.03)ppm، وبلغت قيمة معامل التراكم الحيوي (BF=0.07)، كما سجلت النتائج أدنى تركيز للزنك في أوراق الحور و بلغ 5.13)ppm), بينما كان في الأفرع (6.07) ppm. وكانت قيمة معامل التراكم الحيوي(BF = 0.05). ونلاحظ من خلال هذه النتائج أن كمية الزنك في أجزاء نبات الحور متقاربة.
this research aimed to study the ability of both reeds (Phragmites communis) and poplar trees (Populus nigra) to accumulate Cd and Zn. Where speared naturally prevail on the sides of the Rumaila River in Jableh town (research site), during 2014-2015. Average amount of Cd on studied site was 3.081 ppm dry weight. Compared with the normal range of soil content from Cd (0.06-1.1 ppm), we found that it is three times the normal upper limit, indicating site contamination with Cd. The study showed that the Cd concentration in the reed shoots was 0.031 ppm, while it was up to 0.055 ppm in leaves than that of shoots. The value of bio-accumulation factor (BF) was 0.014. Also for poplar, the study revealed predominance of leaves over bark with Cd concentration of 0.034 ppm versus 0.016 ppm for poplar bark. BF value was 0.02. Regarding average amount of Zn in the soil of studied site was recorded 116.61 ppm of dry weight. Compared with average range of Zn in different types of soil (40-100 ppm), we find that it is slightly higher than the normal upper limit, showing site contamination with Zn. The study stated that the Zn concentration in reed leaves was 9.05 ppm versus 8.03 in the shoots. BF value was 0.07. Zn concentration in poplar leaves was the lowest at 5.13 ppm versus 6.07 ppm for the bark. We notice from these findings that the Zn amount in the parts of poplar plant is approximate. BF value was 0.05. The statistical analysis showed significant superiority of reed to poplar in terms of Cd accumulation, and the same for Zn.
References used
ABOULROOS, S.A., HOLAH S.H., BADAWY S.H. Background levels of some heavy metals in soils and corn in Egypt, Egypt, J. Soil Sci, 36 (4), 1996, 83-97
ALLOWAY, Y., BRIAN J. Schwermetalle in Böden Analytik, Konzentrationen, Wechselwirkungen, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1999, 540, 88 - 93
ASHRAF, M. A., MAAH, M. J., & YOUSOFF, I. Heavy Metal Accumulation In Plants Grwoing In Ex Tin Mining Catchment, Int, J. Environ. Sci. Tech, 8(2), 2011, 401- 416
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This research aimed to study the ability of both reeds (Phragmites
communis) and poplar trees (Populus nigra V.hamui) to accumulate
Pb and Cu. Where speared naturally prevail on the sides of the
Rumaila River in Jableh town (research site), during 2014-2015.
This study aimed to study the accumulative abilities Ricnius Communis & Phragmites Communis for lead and cadmium. This plants are native near the RMAILAH river in JABLAH city.
The plants samples were collected from leafs, wood, and bark for plant sp
ecies, the soil samples were taken at (0-20)cm depth. Concentration of heavy metals were determined in soils and plants with "Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer"
Our results showed that the amounts of pb in the soil samples were 61.89ppm. The concentrations of lead pb in the parts of Ricnius Communis range between 4.3 to 5.81ppm; in the parts of Phragmites Communis range between 1.46 to 2.32ppm. According to statistics analysis Ricnius leaves surpass Ricnius wood and bark with accumulate lead; and Ricnius surpass Phragmites with accumulate lead too.
Our results showed that the amounts of cd in the soil samples were 3.081ppm. The concentrations of Cd in the parts of Ricnius Communis range between 0.031 to 0.061ppm; in the parts of Phragmites Communis range between 0.031-0.055ppm. According to statistics analysis there is no moral differences between Ricnius and Phragmites with accumulate cadmium.
تعد التربة والماء أهم المصادر الطبيعية غالية الثمن التي يستخدمها الإنسان في الزراعة و التمدن ولكن أصبحت عرضة للتلوث على نحو خطير بسبب الأنشطة البشرية حيث ربط الباحثون المشاكل البيئية بالتقدم الصناعي الهائل الذي بدأ في العام 1950 وكذلك بالأنشطة الزراعية والذي بدأ في النصف الأول من القرن العشرين
This research was carried out during 2014 - 2015. The research aimd to describe
some chemical characteristics of the river's water used for irrigation, chemically compare it
with the Syrian Standards Specifications in terms of salt quantity and qua
lity and Cd and B
concentrations, water samples were taken from four observation points along the river:
A (domestic), B (industrial), C (mixed) and D (estuary), also Soil samples from the river
edges were also analyzed. The findings revealed that the EC value in B was 0.61 mg/l i.e.
less than those of others, with significant difference 0.72, 0.74, 0.73 mg/l, respectively.
The study also showed a significant increase in B and C concentration by 0.48 and 0.49
mg/l, respectively, compared with A and D by 0.4 mg/l each. A significant increase in Cd
concentration was noticed for B, C and D by 0.73, 0.88 and 0.75 mg/l vs. A 0.67 mg/l.
However, Cd concentration in the river water in all seasons and sites was excessive and
higher than the permissible limit for water discharge into seas estimated at 0.05 mg/l,
whereas the other parameters were lower than the permissible limits according to the
Syrian Standards. The effect of water pollution on soil showed a significant increase in EC
for B by 1.01 dS/m than others. The increase was also more significant in subsurface layer
than surface one by 0.45 and 0.62 dS/m, respectively. In addition, the findings
demonstrated a significant increase in Cd for C (2.67 mg/kg) than other points. The
increase in Cd concentration was more significant in the surface layer (2.648 mg/kg) than
the subsurface one (2.631 mg/kg), and this concentration was lower than the normal range
of soil content from Cd (3 ppm).
The sludge of wastewater used in agriculture processes, in order to knew the effect of
its application on soil and plant contents from zinc and cadmium, Hordeum vulgare L. was
planted by using graded amounts of sludge to the soil for two years, fou
r treatments were
used: o kg/pot (control), 2, 4, 6 ton/ha (with 5 erplicates for each treatment), concentrations
of zinc and cadmium in soil, roots, straw, and grain in all treatments were measured.
Results showed that the application of sludge improve the physical and chemical
properties of the soil, the concentration of zinc and cadmium in the soil were 164.66 μg/g,
324.22 ng/g, respectively, in 60 ton/ha treatment.
Concentration of Zn increased significantly and showed positive correlation with the
amount of sludge, the highest concentration of Zn was in root of plant in comparison with
other parts of plant, in all treatments, it was 69.3 μg/g in the root while it was 45.15, 38.2
μg/g in straw and grain respectively, in 0.6 kg/pot treatment.
Concentration of cadmium increased significantly in 0.6 kg/pot treatment in
comparison with control, the highest concentration was in the root of plant in comparison
with other parts of plant.
This study showed that Hordeum vulgare L. doesn't accumulate zinc and cadmium
because it´s concentration in roots was higher than in straw and grain.
Concentration of Zn and Cd still within permissible limits in the soil and plants in all
treatments.
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