The ability to continuously expand knowledge over time and utilize it to rapidly generalize to new tasks is a key feature of human linguistic intelligence. Existing models that pursue rapid generalization to new tasks (e.g., few-shot learning methods
), however, are mostly trained in a single shot on fixed datasets, unable to dynamically expand their knowledge; while continual learning algorithms are not specifically designed for rapid generalization. We present a new learning setup, Continual Learning of Few-Shot Learners (CLIF), to address challenges of both learning settings in a unified setup. CLIF assumes a model learns from a sequence of diverse NLP tasks arriving sequentially, accumulating knowledge for improved generalization to new tasks, while also retaining performance on the tasks learned earlier. We examine how the generalization ability is affected in the continual learning setup, evaluate a number of continual learning algorithms, and propose a novel regularized adapter generation approach. We find that catastrophic forgetting affects generalization ability to a lesser degree than performance on seen tasks; while continual learning algorithms can still bring considerable benefit to the generalization ability.
this research aimed to study the ability of both reeds (Phragmites communis) and
poplar trees (Populus nigra) to accumulate Cd and Zn. Where speared naturally prevail on
the sides of the Rumaila River in Jableh town (research site), during 2014-201
5. Average
amount of Cd on studied site was 3.081 ppm dry weight. Compared with the normal range
of soil content from Cd (0.06-1.1 ppm), we found that it is three times the normal upper
limit, indicating site contamination with Cd. The study showed that the Cd concentration in
the reed shoots was 0.031 ppm, while it was up to 0.055 ppm in leaves than that of shoots.
The value of bio-accumulation factor (BF) was 0.014. Also for poplar, the study revealed
predominance of leaves over bark with Cd concentration of 0.034 ppm versus 0.016 ppm
for poplar bark. BF value was 0.02. Regarding average amount of Zn in the soil of studied
site was recorded 116.61 ppm of dry weight. Compared with average range of Zn in
different types of soil (40-100 ppm), we find that it is slightly higher than the normal upper
limit, showing site contamination with Zn. The study stated that the Zn concentration in
reed leaves was 9.05 ppm versus 8.03 in the shoots. BF value was 0.07. Zn concentration
in poplar leaves was the lowest at 5.13 ppm versus 6.07 ppm for the bark. We notice from
these findings that the Zn amount in the parts of poplar plant is approximate. BF value was
0.05. The statistical analysis showed significant superiority of reed to poplar in terms of Cd
accumulation, and the same for Zn.
The sludge of wastewater used in agriculture processes, in order to knew the effect of
its application on soil and plant contents from zinc and cadmium, Hordeum vulgare L. was
planted by using graded amounts of sludge to the soil for two years, fou
r treatments were
used: o kg/pot (control), 2, 4, 6 ton/ha (with 5 erplicates for each treatment), concentrations
of zinc and cadmium in soil, roots, straw, and grain in all treatments were measured.
Results showed that the application of sludge improve the physical and chemical
properties of the soil, the concentration of zinc and cadmium in the soil were 164.66 μg/g,
324.22 ng/g, respectively, in 60 ton/ha treatment.
Concentration of Zn increased significantly and showed positive correlation with the
amount of sludge, the highest concentration of Zn was in root of plant in comparison with
other parts of plant, in all treatments, it was 69.3 μg/g in the root while it was 45.15, 38.2
μg/g in straw and grain respectively, in 0.6 kg/pot treatment.
Concentration of cadmium increased significantly in 0.6 kg/pot treatment in
comparison with control, the highest concentration was in the root of plant in comparison
with other parts of plant.
This study showed that Hordeum vulgare L. doesn't accumulate zinc and cadmium
because it´s concentration in roots was higher than in straw and grain.
Concentration of Zn and Cd still within permissible limits in the soil and plants in all
treatments.
We present in this study accumulate of two heavy metals (Fe - Cu) in the tissues of
flowers , leaves , stems and roots of Lamium moschatum Mill.
The study showed that the plant accumulated (Fe - Cu) in different concentrations ,
with an increase i
n the concentration of (Fe) in all samples specially in roots . The highest
concentration of (Cu) was in flowers (1669.23 mlg/kg) , and for (Fe) was in roots (4539.5
mlg/kg) .
The results showed a convergency in the concentrations of (Cu) in the parts of plant
for the same sample (432.62 - 490.75 - 353.409 - 272.73 mlg/kg) in flowers , leaves , stems
and roots in order . but the concentrations of (Fe) in roots was higher than that in flowers ,
leaves and stems for the same sample .
In sample -5- the value of (Fe) in roots was (1124.91 mlg/kg) but in flowers , leaves
and stems at the same sample was ( 234.83 - 218.82 - 205.24 mlg/kg ) in order.
Soil samples were collected from three sites located at distances (0, 1500,
3000)m along the road from the northern entrance of Daraa city. For each site,
samples were collected from two depths, at three distances from the road axis
and from the t
wo sides of the road. Results showed that total and available lead
concentrations in soil were higher in east than west side of the road due to the
effect of the dominant westerly winds in the region. the differences were
significant for the total and available lead concentrations at distances
(0,1500)m, and (0,3000)m at the entrance of the city, the distances (5,25)m, and
(5,50)m, at the distance from two road sides, and between the depths (0-15),
(15-30)cm, whereas the differences were not significant for the total and
available lead concentrations at distances (1500,3000)m at the entrance of the
city, and (25,50)m at the distance from two road sides. There was a very strong
correlation between the average total and available lead concentration.
Through this study, the estimation of the accumulative concentration of
cadmium Cd and lead Pb in some organs of Barbus grypus fish hunt in Tigris –
Al-Rashidiyya district – Mosul, has been done. Also, the estimation has been
done in the tissues o
f Khawia armeniaca cestode by using Atomic absorption
CHOmeter where an abstracted difference (0.05) in the accumulative
concentration of cadmium and lead in the liver, Kidney, gills, muscles and
intestines of infected and uninfected fish. The accumulative concentration of
cadmium and lead in the tissues of parasites (300, 81.08) Mg/g respectively.
