The ability to continuously expand knowledge over time and utilize it to rapidly generalize to new tasks is a key feature of human linguistic intelligence. Existing models that pursue rapid generalization to new tasks (e.g., few-shot learning methods
), however, are mostly trained in a single shot on fixed datasets, unable to dynamically expand their knowledge; while continual learning algorithms are not specifically designed for rapid generalization. We present a new learning setup, Continual Learning of Few-Shot Learners (CLIF), to address challenges of both learning settings in a unified setup. CLIF assumes a model learns from a sequence of diverse NLP tasks arriving sequentially, accumulating knowledge for improved generalization to new tasks, while also retaining performance on the tasks learned earlier. We examine how the generalization ability is affected in the continual learning setup, evaluate a number of continual learning algorithms, and propose a novel regularized adapter generation approach. We find that catastrophic forgetting affects generalization ability to a lesser degree than performance on seen tasks; while continual learning algorithms can still bring considerable benefit to the generalization ability.
The sludge of wastewater used in agriculture processes, in order to knew the effect of
its application on soil and plant contents from zinc and cadmium, Hordeum vulgare L. was
planted by using graded amounts of sludge to the soil for two years, fou
r treatments were
used: o kg/pot (control), 2, 4, 6 ton/ha (with 5 erplicates for each treatment), concentrations
of zinc and cadmium in soil, roots, straw, and grain in all treatments were measured.
Results showed that the application of sludge improve the physical and chemical
properties of the soil, the concentration of zinc and cadmium in the soil were 164.66 μg/g,
324.22 ng/g, respectively, in 60 ton/ha treatment.
Concentration of Zn increased significantly and showed positive correlation with the
amount of sludge, the highest concentration of Zn was in root of plant in comparison with
other parts of plant, in all treatments, it was 69.3 μg/g in the root while it was 45.15, 38.2
μg/g in straw and grain respectively, in 0.6 kg/pot treatment.
Concentration of cadmium increased significantly in 0.6 kg/pot treatment in
comparison with control, the highest concentration was in the root of plant in comparison
with other parts of plant.
This study showed that Hordeum vulgare L. doesn't accumulate zinc and cadmium
because it´s concentration in roots was higher than in straw and grain.
Concentration of Zn and Cd still within permissible limits in the soil and plants in all
treatments.
Soil samples were collected from three sites located at distances (0, 1500,
3000)m along the road from the northern entrance of Daraa city. For each site,
samples were collected from two depths, at three distances from the road axis
and from the t
wo sides of the road. Results showed that total and available lead
concentrations in soil were higher in east than west side of the road due to the
effect of the dominant westerly winds in the region. the differences were
significant for the total and available lead concentrations at distances
(0,1500)m, and (0,3000)m at the entrance of the city, the distances (5,25)m, and
(5,50)m, at the distance from two road sides, and between the depths (0-15),
(15-30)cm, whereas the differences were not significant for the total and
available lead concentrations at distances (1500,3000)m at the entrance of the
city, and (25,50)m at the distance from two road sides. There was a very strong
correlation between the average total and available lead concentration.
