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Register a new userThe Effect of Fertilization Systems and Tillage Depths on Soil Content of Organic Matter and Some Mineral Nutrients
تأثير نظم التسميد و أعماق الحراثة في محتوى التربة من المادة العضوية و بعض العناصر المعدنية
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نفذ البحث خلال الموسميين الزراعيين 2009 – 2010 في محافظة الحسكة منطقة عامودا لدراسة تأثير زبل الأغنام بمعدل 30 طن / هـ و أربعة أنواع من السماد العضوي الأخضر ( عدس ، بيقية ، فول ، شعير ) في محتوى التربة من المادة العضوية و بعض العناصر المعدنية مقارنة مع السماد الكيميائي ( 400 كغ يوريا ، 83 كغ P2O5، 25 كغ K2O / هـ ) . بينت الدراسة : تفوق التسميد بمخلفات الأغنام معنويا في زيادة تركيز المادة العضوية و الفوسفور و البوتاسيوم عند مقارنته مع بقية الأنواع السمادية المدروسة ( السماد الكيميائي و الأسمدة الخضراء ) ، و تفوقت كافة الأسمدة الخضراء المدروسة ( عدس ، بيقية ، فول ، شعير ) معنويا في زيادة تركيز المادة العضوية و الآزوت و البوتاسيوم في التربة عند مقارنتها مع الشاهد بدون تسميد، و أثرت الحراثة السطحية ( 0 – 10 ) سم معنويا في زيادة تركيز المادة العضوية و الآزوت في التربة عند مقارنتها مع الحراثة الأعمق ( 25 – 30 ) سم خلال موسمي البحث .
The reasearch was carried out during 2009 – 2010 in Al – Hasaka – Amoda - to study the effect of cattle manure at the rat of 30 ton / ha , and four organic green manure ( Lentil, Vetch, Faba bean and Barely) on soil content of organic matter and some mineral elements compared with chemical fertilizer 400 kg / ha urea , 83 kg / ha P2O5 and 25 kg / ha K2O . The manure significantly increased organic matter , phosphorus and potassium concentrations compared with other fertilizers ( chemical and green fertilizers ) . All green fertilizers ( Lentil , Vetch , Faba bean and Barely ) significantly increased organic matter , nitrogen and potassium concentration compared with the control without using any fertilizer , the tillage depth ( 0 – 10 ) cm significantly increased soil content of organic matter and nitrogen compared with deeper tillage ( 25 – 30 ) cm during the two seasons .
Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم تأثير نظم التسميد المختلفة وأعماق الحراثة على محتوى التربة من المادة العضوية وبعض العناصر المعدنية في محافظة الحسكة، منطقة عامودا، خلال الموسمين الزراعيين 2009-2010. تم استخدام زبل الأغنام بمعدل 30 طن/هكتار وأربعة أنواع من السماد العضوي الأخضر (عدس، بيقية، فول، شعير) ومقارنتها مع السماد الكيميائي (400 كغ يوريا، 83 كغ P2O5، 25 كغ K2O/هكتار). أظهرت النتائج أن التسميد بزبل الأغنام زاد بشكل معنوي من تركيز المادة العضوية والفوسفور والبوتاسيوم مقارنة بالأسمدة الأخرى. كما تفوقت الأسمدة الخضراء في زيادة تركيز المادة العضوية والأزوت والبوتاسيوم مقارنة بالشاهد بدون تسميد. أثرت الحراثة السطحية (0-10 سم) بشكل إيجابي على تركيز المادة العضوية والأزوت مقارنة بالحراثة الأعمق (25-30 سم). توصي الدراسة باستخدام الأسمدة العضوية لتحسين خصوبة التربة وتقليل التلوث البيئي.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة خطوة مهمة نحو فهم تأثير نظم التسميد وأعماق الحراثة على خصوبة التربة، إلا أن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، كان من الممكن توسيع نطاق الدراسة ليشمل مناطق زراعية مختلفة لتعميم النتائج. ثانياً، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى التأثيرات الاقتصادية لاستخدام الأسمدة العضوية مقارنة بالكيميائية. وأخيراً، كان من الممكن تقديم توصيات أكثر تحديداً للمزارعين بناءً على النتائج المحصلة.
Questions related to the research
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ما هو الهدف الرئيسي من الدراسة؟
الهدف الرئيسي هو تقييم تأثير نظم التسميد المختلفة وأعماق الحراثة على محتوى التربة من المادة العضوية وبعض العناصر المعدنية.
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ما هي أنواع الأسمدة العضوية المستخدمة في الدراسة؟
تم استخدام زبل الأغنام وأربعة أنواع من السماد العضوي الأخضر (عدس، بيقية، فول، شعير).
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ما هو تأثير الحراثة السطحية على محتوى التربة من المادة العضوية؟
أثرت الحراثة السطحية (0-10 سم) بشكل إيجابي على تركيز المادة العضوية مقارنة بالحراثة الأعمق (25-30 سم).
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ما هي التوصيات التي خلصت إليها الدراسة؟
توصي الدراسة باستخدام الأسمدة العضوية لتحسين خصوبة التربة وتقليل التلوث البيئي.
References used
ABDELHAMID , MT . HORIUCHI , T . OBA , S . Composting of rice straw with oilseed rape cake and poultry manure and its effects on faba bean ( Vicia faba L ) growth and soil properties . Biores . Technol . 93 . 2004 . 183 – 189
ANONYMOUS . Tamil Nadu Agricultural University , Coimbatore , 1991 , Annu . Prog . Rep . 1990 – 1991
AVTANOMOV , A . T and KAZEV , M . Z . Cotton production . Kolos . Mosscow . P 349 . 1967
rate research
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The experiment was carried out in Tartous Governorate in the Qubeiba region in the two agricultural seasons 2011 and 2012 to study the effect of different types of ploughs, the depth of plowing, and the timing of adding nitrogen fertilizer on some ph
ysical and chemical properties of the soil and some growth indicators of peanuts and its productivity. Three types of plows were used: MP ), disc plow ( DP ) and backhoe plow ( CP ) .
This research was carried out through the 2012-2013 season on 10 years old, grafted on the rootstock B41,grapevines of Al-Hulwani cultivar. Three levels (10,20,40 t/ha) of organic fertilizers of cow, sheep plus and poultry were used, in addition to
three treatments from mixture of this levels (3.33,6.66,13.32 t/ha) for one type of the fertilizers. The research also included three treatments from mixture of mineral fertilization with (N,P,K) at the rate (1:1:1) by using urea 46%, super phosphate 46% and potassium sulphate 50% in three levels (100-200-400 kg/ha), in addition to the control without fertilization, to study their effects on Some quantitative and qualitative Characteristics of the grapevine cultivar Al-Hulwani. The results showed the following:
The use of organic and mineral fertilization gave in all levels and types superiority in all studied characteristics compared to the control.
Most levels of organic fertilization and its treatments are superior to mineral fertilization in all studied characteristics.
The first level of sheep plus (10 kg/ha) gave the better results in weight of cluster and quantity of product, but the first level of poultry gave the better results in weight of 100 fruits.
The use of organic manure was with positive effect on fruits color and was superior to mineral fertilization.
The yield/vine increased significantly from 65.77kg/vine to 118.5 and 97.8kg/vine when the low level of sheep puls the mixture of the medium levels of mineral fertilizers were used.
This study was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research center In Sweida -
GCSAR to study the effect of potassium sulfate and organic manure on some of soil
characteristic in addition to tree growth vigor and fruit traits of Starking del
icious apple
cultivar. The results revealed significant effect in reducing the (pH) of the soil in the three
treatments; potassium sulfate fertilization, organic manure fertilization and application of
potassium sulfate and organic manure together which were (6.608), (6.708) and (6.558),
respectively, in the comparison with the control (6.768). In addition, significant differences
were shown in the (EC) between the former treatments (0.1532 ds / m), (0.1692 ds / m) and
(0.0937 ds / m) compared to the control (0.2217 ds / m). Concerning growth vigor and fuit
traits, the results showed a significant increase in the average of shoot length in the
previous treatments (66.43, 77.33 and 71.37 cm, respectively), compared to the control
(59.37 cm), while showed a significant increase in leaf area in organic manure treatment
and potassium sulfate with organic manure together (35.54 and 37.21 cm 2, respectively),
compared to the control (30.54 cm 2). The results of analysis of variance in fruit firmness
showed higher significant variation of potassium treatment (8.477 kg / cm 2) than the
other treatments which, also revealed significant increase of total soluble solids
(16.82%,15.2% and15.37%,respectively) compared to the control (14.23%), and a
significant increase in total sugars and in percentage of treatable acidity. Consequently, the
result showed that the addition of soil fertilizers treatment contributed to improve some of
soil characters, tree growth vigor and some of the quantitative and qualitative traits of
apple fruits.
This study was conducted in Abu-Jarash farm at the Faculty of Agriculture,
Damascus University during the main season 2013 to evaluate the effect of soil
solarization and organic fertilization treatments on the productivity of some
maize genotypes
(Basel 1, Basel 2, Ghouta 1, Ghouta 82 and Local White). The
experiment was laid out according to split-split plot design with three
replications. The statistical analysis results clearly indicated to the existence of
variability in the response of studied maize genotypes to soil solarization and
organic fertilization treatments. The genotype Ghouta 82 surpassed in the traits
of plant height, leaf area index, 100-kernel weight and grain yield (150.25 cm,
2.84, 28.10 g and 7.99 ton.ha-1) respectively, as compared to other studied
genotypes and was closely followed by the genotype Basel 2 which recorded the
highest number of rows per ear (13.83 row/ear). Soil solarization for 45 days
before sowing and applying organic manures at the rate of 20 ton.ha-1
encouraged the traits of plant height, leaf area index, number of rows and
grains per ear, 100-kernel weight which was reflected on grain yield. Therefore
we can grow variety Ghouta 82 or hybrid Basel 2 to get higher yield of maize.
This paper aims at investigating the effect of organic matter
content on the engineering properties of the soil.
The effect of the organic matter on both the consistency limits and strength have been investigated. The results show that the organic
matter increases both the plasticity and the strength of soil.
Mathematical formula is presented in which the unconfined
compression strength of the soil is related to the organic matter
content. It was concluded that increasing the organic matter
content increases the displacement corresponding to the maximum shear stress. In addition, the effect of the organic matter has been studied and the results show that the organic matter increases the compressibility of the soil.
Stabilizing the soil with cement has been investigated as well. The
results show that adding the cement to the soil improves the
strength of the soil and decreases its swelling potential.
Depending on the organic matter content, a mathematical formula
is presented to determine the required cement ratio to treat the
soil to decrease its swelling potential.
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