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Estimation of some genetic parameters for yield and its components of sh local maize (Zea mays L.) population

تقدير بعض المؤشرات الوراثية لصفة الغلة و مكوناتها لمجموع Sh من الذرة الصفراء (. L mays Zea)

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 Publication date 2013
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This study was conducted at the farm of Faculty of Agricultural –Kharabo as an intensive crop during 201 and 2012 growing seasons. Using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications to study some genetic indices for grain yield and its components, of 79 families of the Sh group of maize improved by Full-sib selection. The results indicated that the broad sense heritability ranged from high to moderate for some yield components (number of kernels per row, number of rows per ear, ear length, ear diameter, the weight of whole ear, whole kernel weight and grain yield and it was 49.6, 52.9, 46.3 79.7, 56.74, 51 and 85.2%) respectively. Additive gene action appeared to be controlling number of kernel per row, number of rows per ear, ear length, ear diameter،,grain yiel, the weight of whole ea, kernel weight indicating less selection cycles are required to improve yield depending on its components.


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Research summary
تم إجراء هذه الدراسة في مزرعة كلية الزراعة بجامعة دمشق خلال موسمي 2011 و2012 بهدف تقدير بعض المؤشرات الوراثية لصفة الغلة ومكوناتها لعائلات من الذرة الصفراء المحسنة باستخدام طريقة الانتخاب الأخوي الكامل. أشارت النتائج إلى أن قيم معامل التوريث بالمفهوم الواسع راوحت بين العالية والمعتدلة لمكونات الإنتاجية المدروسة مثل عدد الحبوب بالصف، عدد الصفوف، طول العرنوس، قطر العرنوس، الإنتاجية، وزن العرنوس كاملاً، ووزن الحبوب فقط. كما لوحظ سيطرة فعل المورثات الإضافية على هذه الصفات، مما يشير إلى فعالية استخدام عملية الانتخاب بكفاءة عالية وإمكانية الاعتماد على عدد بسيط من دورات التربية والتحسين لزيادة الغلة الحبية بالاعتماد على مكوناتها.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الأهداف الرئيسية للدراسة؟

    تهدف الدراسة إلى تقدير بعض المؤشرات الوراثية لصفة الغلة ومكوناتها لعائلات من الذرة الصفراء المحسنة باستخدام طريقة الانتخاب الأخوي الكامل.

  2. ما هي القيم التي راوحت بينها معامل التوريث بالمفهوم الواسع؟

    راوحت قيم معامل التوريث بالمفهوم الواسع بين العالية والمعتدلة لمكونات الإنتاجية المدروسة.

  3. ما هي الصفات التي سيطرت عليها فعل المورثات الإضافية؟

    سيطرت فعل المورثات الإضافية على صفات عدد الحبوب بالصف، عدد الصفوف، طول العرنوس، قطر العرنوس، الإنتاجية، وزن العرنوس كاملاً، ووزن الحبوب فقط.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي خلصت إليها الدراسة؟

    أوصت الدراسة بفعالية استخدام عملية الانتخاب بكفاءة عالية وإمكانية الاعتماد على عدد بسيط من دورات التربية والتحسين لزيادة الغلة الحبية بالاعتماد على مكوناتها.


References used
AL- Ahmad, A. S. 2001. Studies on some hybrids and strains of yellow maize. M. Sc. Thesis, Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Egypt
Abdel Moneam, M. A., A. N. Attia., M. I. EL-Emery and E. A. Fayed. 2009. Combining ability and heterosis for some agronomic traits in crosses of maize. Pakistan. J. of Bio. Sci. 12 (5) : 433–438
Abd El Sattar, A. A. 2003 .Genetic parameters estimation from design-1 and S1 lines in maize. Minufiya J. Agric. Res., 28 (5) : 1387 – 1402
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This study was carried out during 2010-2011 growing seasons at the Maize Researches Department (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus. To estimate heterosis for number of rows per ear, ear length, ear diameter, 100- kernel weight, and grain yield.
The present investigation was undertaken to estimate phenotypic correlation and path coefficient analysis for grain yield and its components in maize. Four local genotypes of yellow maize were evaluated in 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at two loca tions i.e. Damascus and Dir Al-Zor under three nitrogen fertilization levels (130, 195 and 260 of N. ha-1), The nitrogen fertilizer was applied at two splits. Split split plot design was used with 4 replications. Results of phenotypic correlation values showed that grain yield at Damascus location was positively and significantly associated with ear height (r= 0.204**), ear length (r= 0.205**) and number of rows per ear (r= 0.228**). On the other hand, grain yield at Dir Al-Zor location was positively and significantly associated with all studied traits at combined data whereas, it was positively and significantly associated with ear length at three levels and combined data (0.305*, 0.410**, 0.347** and 0.375**, respectively). The data of path coefficient analysis showed that ear length, ear height and number of rows per ear had positive direct effects on grain yield variation and thus grain yield improvement can be achieved through selection for ear length and ear height at Damascus location (11.06%). On the other side, data showed that each of ear height, number of kernels per row and 100-kernel weight had positive direct effects on grain yield variation (32.98%) and thus, 100-kernel weight can be considered as selection criteria may lead to the improvement of grain yield in yellow maize at Dir Al-Zor location.
This study was carried out at the Scientific Agriculture Research Center, Al-Ghab, Syria, during 2013 –2014 growing seasons to estimate heterosis, combining ability, phenotypic correlation and path analysis for plant and ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight and grain yield per plant for eighteen hybrids produced by the line × tester method, the major findings were: inbred lines, testers, hybrids and combining ability mean squares were significant for all traits, indicating that additive and non-additive gene actions were the important in inheritance of all traits. The ratios of σ2 GCA/σ2 SCA showed that non-additive gene action was more important in controlling all traits except of number of kernel per row. Heterosis percentage for all traits were significant compared with the check variety except of ear height trait. GCA effects showed that the lines P1 and P7 were good combiners for grain yield per plant, also, SCA effects showed that P2×P8, P5×P8, P4×P9 and P1×P7 crosses were the best F1 combiners for grain yield per plant. Results of phenotypic correlation and path analysis values showed that ear length, ear diameter and number of kernel per row were positively and significantly associated with grain yield per plant, also, these traits can be considered as selection criteria may lead to the improvement of grain yield in maize.
The research was conducted at the Maize Researches Department, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus, Syria during the summer growing seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012. Treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replications. The research aimed to evaluate genetic parameters for some traits like days to 50% silking, plant and ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight and grain yield per plant using generations means analysis of two maize hybrids (IL.292-06 × IL.565-06, IL.459-06 × IL.362-06) to detect epistasis and estimates of mean effect [m], additive [d], dominance [h], additive × additive [i], additive × dominance [j] and dominance × dominance [l] parameters. Results showed that the additive - dominance model was adequate to demonstrate the genetic variation and its importance in the inheritance of most studied traits. Nonallelic gene interaction was operating in the control of genetic variation in most studied traits. The signs of [h] and [l] were opposite in most studied traits for the two crosses. Also, the inheritance of all studied traits was controlled by additive and non-additive genetic effects, but dominance gene effects play the major role in controlling the genetic variation of the most studied traits, suggesting that the improvement of those characters need intensive selection through later generations. The phenotypic variations were greater than genotypic variations for all studied traits in the two crosses, indicating greater influence of environment in the expression of these traits. Highly significant heterosis relative to mid and better parents, respectively was found for all characters, and this accompanied with inbreeding depression for all traits. Narrow sense heritability and genetic advance were low in most of the traits due to the dominance of non-additive gene action in controlling the genetic variation of the most studied traits and this predict low to medium values of genetic advance through selection process.
A half diallel set of crosses among six inbred lines of maize were evaluated at the Maize Research Department (G.C.S.A.R.) in Damascus Governorate during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons to estimate heterosis and combining ability components for the n umber of rows per ear, number of kernels per ear, ear length (cm), ear diameter(cm), 100-kernel weight (g), and grain yield (ton /hec). The inbred lines, crosses, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were highly significant for all the studied traits, showing the existence of a genetic variance among lines. The ratios of GCA to SCA detected for the studied traits showed the dominance of an additive gene action for all the studied traits except for 100-kernel weight and grain yield which showed the predominance of a non-additive gene action. The heterosis percentage for the studied traits was significant based on mid and better parents. The GCA effects showed that the lines CML.317, CML.371, CML.373 and CML.367 were good general combiners for grain yield, while the SCA effects showed that seven hybrids were the best F1 cross combinations such as (CML.317×CML.371) for grain yield.
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