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Register a new userEstimation of some genetic parameters for yield and its components of sh local maize (Zea mays L.) population
تقدير بعض المؤشرات الوراثية لصفة الغلة و مكوناتها لمجموع Sh من الذرة الصفراء (. L mays Zea)
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نُفّذت الدراسة في مزرعة كلية الزراعة، منطقة خرابو، جامعة دمشق، بـالعروة التكثيفيـة لعـامي 2011 و 2012 بهدف تقدير بعض المؤشرات الوراثية لصفة الغلة و مكوناتها لـ 79 عائلة مـن مجمـوع الذرة الصفراء Sh المحسنة باستخدام طريقة الانتخاب الأخوي الكامل، وفقاً لتصميم القطاعـات الكاملـة العشوائية و بمكررين. أشارت النتائج إلى أن قيم معامل التوريث الواسع راوحت بـين العاليـة و المعتدلـة لكل من مكونات الإنتاجية المدروسة: عدد الحبوب بالصف، و عدد الصفوف، و طـول العرنـوس، و قطـر العرنوس، و الغلة، و وزن العرنوس كـاملاً، و وزن الحبـوب فقـط و بلغـت (6.49 ،9.52 ،3.46 ،7.79، 74.56،51 ،2.85 %) على الترتيب. كما لوحظ سيطرة فعل المورثات الإضـافية علـى صـفات (عـدد الحبوب بالصف، وعدد الصفوف، و طول العرنوس، و قطر العرنوس، و الإنتاجية، و وزن العرنوس كـاملاً، و وزن الحبوب فقط)، مما يشير إلى فعالية استخدام عملية الانتخاب بكفاءة عالية، و إمكانية الاعتماد علـى عدد بسيط من دورات التربية و التحسين لزيادة الغلة الحبية بالاعتماد على مكوناتها.
This study was conducted at the farm of Faculty of Agricultural –Kharabo as an intensive crop during 201 and 2012 growing seasons. Using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications to study some genetic indices for grain yield and its components, of 79 families of the Sh group of maize improved by Full-sib selection. The results indicated that the broad sense heritability ranged from high to moderate for some yield components (number of kernels per row, number of rows per ear, ear length, ear diameter, the weight of whole ear, whole kernel weight and grain yield and it was 49.6, 52.9, 46.3 79.7, 56.74, 51 and 85.2%) respectively. Additive gene action appeared to be controlling number of kernel per row, number of rows per ear, ear length, ear diameter،,grain yiel, the weight of whole ea, kernel weight indicating less selection cycles are required to improve yield depending on its components.
References used
AL- Ahmad, A. S. 2001. Studies on some hybrids and strains of yellow maize. M. Sc. Thesis, Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Egypt
Abdel Moneam, M. A., A. N. Attia., M. I. EL-Emery and E. A. Fayed. 2009. Combining ability and heterosis for some agronomic traits in crosses of maize. Pakistan. J. of Bio. Sci. 12 (5) : 433–438
Abd El Sattar, A. A. 2003 .Genetic parameters estimation from design-1 and S1 lines in maize. Minufiya J. Agric. Res., 28 (5) : 1387 – 1402
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This study was carried out during 2010-2011 growing seasons at the
Maize Researches Department (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus. To estimate
heterosis for number of rows per ear, ear length, ear diameter, 100- kernel
weight, and grain yield.
The present investigation was undertaken to estimate phenotypic
correlation and path coefficient analysis for grain yield and its components in
maize. Four local genotypes of yellow maize were evaluated in 2008 and 2009
growing seasons at two loca
tions i.e. Damascus and Dir Al-Zor under three
nitrogen fertilization levels (130, 195 and 260 of N. ha-1), The nitrogen fertilizer
was applied at two splits. Split split plot design was used with 4 replications.
Results of phenotypic correlation values showed that grain yield at Damascus
location was positively and significantly associated with ear height (r= 0.204**),
ear length (r= 0.205**) and number of rows per ear (r= 0.228**). On the other
hand, grain yield at Dir Al-Zor location was positively and significantly
associated with all studied traits at combined data whereas, it was positively
and significantly associated with ear length at three levels and combined data
(0.305*, 0.410**, 0.347** and 0.375**, respectively). The data of path coefficient
analysis showed that ear length, ear height and number of rows per ear had
positive direct effects on grain yield variation and thus grain yield
improvement can be achieved through selection for ear length and ear height at
Damascus location (11.06%). On the other side, data showed that each of ear
height, number of kernels per row and 100-kernel weight had positive direct
effects on grain yield variation (32.98%) and thus, 100-kernel weight can be
considered as selection criteria may lead to the improvement of grain yield in
yellow maize at Dir Al-Zor location.
This study was carried out at the Scientific Agriculture Research Center, Al-Ghab,
Syria, during 2013 –2014 growing seasons to estimate heterosis, combining ability,
phenotypic correlation and path analysis for plant and ear height, ear length, ear
diameter,
number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight and grain yield per
plant for eighteen hybrids produced by the line × tester method, the major findings were:
inbred lines, testers, hybrids and combining ability mean squares were significant for all
traits, indicating that additive and non-additive gene actions were the important in
inheritance of all traits. The ratios of σ2
GCA/σ2
SCA showed that non-additive gene action was
more important in controlling all traits except of number of kernel per row. Heterosis
percentage for all traits were significant compared with the check variety except of ear
height trait. GCA effects showed that the lines P1 and P7 were good combiners for grain
yield per plant, also, SCA effects showed that P2×P8, P5×P8, P4×P9 and P1×P7 crosses were
the best F1 combiners for grain yield per plant. Results of phenotypic correlation and path
analysis values showed that ear length, ear diameter and number of kernel per row were
positively and significantly associated with grain yield per plant, also, these traits can be
considered as selection criteria may lead to the improvement of grain yield in maize.
The research was conducted at the Maize Researches Department, General
Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus,
Syria during the summer growing seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012. Treatments
were arranged in a Randomized
Complete Blocks Design with three
replications. The research aimed to evaluate genetic parameters for some traits
like days to 50% silking, plant and ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number
of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight and grain yield
per plant using generations means analysis of two maize hybrids (IL.292-06 ×
IL.565-06, IL.459-06 × IL.362-06) to detect epistasis and estimates of mean
effect [m], additive [d], dominance [h], additive × additive [i], additive ×
dominance [j] and dominance × dominance [l] parameters. Results showed that
the additive - dominance model was adequate to demonstrate the genetic
variation and its importance in the inheritance of most studied traits. Nonallelic
gene interaction was operating in the control of genetic variation in most
studied traits. The signs of [h] and [l] were opposite in most studied traits for
the two crosses. Also, the inheritance of all studied traits was controlled by
additive and non-additive genetic effects, but dominance gene effects play the
major role in controlling the genetic variation of the most studied traits,
suggesting that the improvement of those characters need intensive selection
through later generations. The phenotypic variations were greater than
genotypic variations for all studied traits in the two crosses, indicating greater
influence of environment in the expression of these traits. Highly significant
heterosis relative to mid and better parents, respectively was found for all
characters, and this accompanied with inbreeding depression for all traits.
Narrow sense heritability and genetic advance were low in most of the traits
due to the dominance of non-additive gene action in controlling the genetic
variation of the most studied traits and this predict low to medium values of
genetic advance through selection process.
A half diallel set of crosses among six inbred lines of maize were evaluated at the
Maize Research Department (G.C.S.A.R.) in Damascus Governorate during 2010 and 2011
growing seasons to estimate heterosis and combining ability components for the n
umber of
rows per ear, number of kernels per ear, ear length (cm), ear diameter(cm), 100-kernel
weight (g), and grain yield (ton /hec).
The inbred lines, crosses, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining
ability (SCA) mean squares were highly significant for all the studied traits, showing the
existence of a genetic variance among lines.
The ratios of GCA to SCA detected for the studied traits showed the dominance of an
additive gene action for all the studied traits except for 100-kernel weight and grain yield
which showed the predominance of a non-additive gene action.
The heterosis percentage for the studied traits was significant based on mid and
better parents.
The GCA effects showed that the lines CML.317, CML.371, CML.373 and
CML.367 were good general combiners for grain yield, while the SCA effects showed that
seven hybrids were the best F1 cross combinations such as (CML.317×CML.371) for grain
yield.
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