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Review of the Stratigraphy of the Outcropping Cretaceous System in the Republic of Yemen

مراجعة طبقية صخور الدور الكريتاسي (الطباشيري) المتكشف في الجمهورية اليمنية

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 Publication date 2002
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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In Yemen, the outcropping Cretaceous System consists of continental and marine clastics and carbonates which are distributed in three main lithofacies: continental (in northern provinces), transitional (in western parts of southern provinces), and marine (in eastern parts of southern provinces). These are included within the Tawilah Formation and Ahwar/Mahra Groups. The occurrence of the Tawilah Formation (Cretaceous-Paleocene) is restricted to the northern provinces. Its lower parts consist of continental (fluvial) sandstones (continental lithofacies) of Cretaceous age which constitute the Zone without diagnostic fossils. Its upper parts consist of alternations of nonmarine and fossiliferous marine sandstones of Paleocene age which constitute the Pulsiphonina prima Zone.


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Research summary
تستعرض هذه الورقة النظام الطبقي لنظام الكريتاسي الظاهر في جمهورية اليمن، والذي يتكون من صخور قارية وبحرية متداخلة. يتم توزيع هذه الصخور في ثلاث وحدات رئيسية: القارية، الانتقالية، والبحرية. تركز الورقة على تكوين تواهلة ومجموعتي أحور ومهرة. في الشمال، يتكون تكوين تواهلة من صخور رملية قارية من العصر الكريتاسي، بينما في الجنوب، تتواجد مجموعتي أحور ومهرة، اللتان تتكونان من صخور بحرية ضحلة. تتناول الورقة أيضًا التغيرات الجيولوجية والتكتونية التي أثرت على توزيع هذه الصخور، وتقدم مراجعة تاريخية للدراسات الجيولوجية السابقة في اليمن. كما تقدم الورقة تقسيمات تفصيلية للوحدات الطبقية المختلفة وتاريخها الجيولوجي، مع التركيز على الفترات الزمنية المختلفة التي شهدت ترسبات بحرية وقارية في اليمن.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تقدم الورقة مراجعة شاملة ومفصلة للنظام الطبقي لنظام الكريتاسي في اليمن، مما يساهم في فهم أفضل للتاريخ الجيولوجي للمنطقة. ومع ذلك، يمكن أن تكون الورقة أكثر وضوحًا إذا تم تضمين المزيد من الرسوم البيانية والخرائط التوضيحية لتوضيح التوزيع الجغرافي للوحدات الطبقية المختلفة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، قد يكون من المفيد تضمين مقارنة مع مناطق أخرى في شبه الجزيرة العربية لتقديم سياق أوسع. كما أن الورقة تعتمد بشكل كبير على الدراسات السابقة، مما يجعل من الصعب تقييم مدى الابتكار في البحث الحالي.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الوحدات الطبقية الرئيسية لنظام الكريتاسي في اليمن؟

    الوحدات الطبقية الرئيسية هي القارية، الانتقالية، والبحرية.

  2. ما هو تكوين تواهلة وما هي مكوناته؟

    تكوين تواهلة يتكون من صخور رملية قارية من العصر الكريتاسي في الجزء السفلي وصخور رملية بحرية غير متجانسة في الجزء العلوي.

  3. ما هي مجموعتي أحور ومهرة وما الفرق بينهما؟

    مجموعة أحور تتكون من صخور بحرية ضحلة وتوجد في الجزء الغربي من الجنوب، بينما مجموعة مهرة تتكون من صخور كربوناتية بحرية وتوجد في الجزء الشرقي من الجنوب.

  4. ما هي الفترات الزمنية التي شهدت ترسبات بحرية وقارية في اليمن؟

    الفترات الزمنية تشمل العصر الكريتاسي والباليوسين، حيث شهدت اليمن ترسبات بحرية وقارية متعاقبة.


References used
Abou Khadrah, A. (١٩٨٢). A review of the sedimentological evolution of Yemen Arab Republic: Bull. Fac. Sci. Sana'a Univ
Abou Khadrah, A., EI-Anbaawy, M., and EI-Fawal, F., (١٩٨٣). Stratigraphy of the Tawilah Sandstone in the environ of Sana'a, Yemen Arab Republic: Bull. Fac. Sci. Zagazig Univ
Aboul Ela, N. (١٩٨٣). On the geology of the area NW of Sana'a, Sana'a-Wadi Zahr district, Yemen Arab Republic (YAR): Bull. Fac. Sd. Sana'a Univ
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Palaeomagnetism and some magnetic and physical properties (magnetic susceptibility, intensity of remanent magnetization, ac current electrical conductivity and density) of 115 samples from 18 sites of the Yemen Volcanic Group TKY (Tertiary and (or ) Cretaceous) from igneous rock exposures from Sana’a region were studied. One palaeomagnetic pole position was determined and a magneto-strigraphy of the area was suggested. The different properties were measured in order to use them as characteristic factors in discriminating the neighboring igneous flows. The measurement of the in situ magnetic susceptibility of 80 points, distributed on 4 sub-areas, in the area helped to calculate the mean value of the magnetic susceptibility of each sub-area, which may be used in any magnetic interpretation of aeromagnetic or magnetic anomalies. Also, the density of 115 samples were measured and a mean value of the density of each sub-area and an overall mean density of each rock age, were calculated in order to be used in any future interpretation of any gravity anomaly in the area.
Palaeomagnetism and some magnetic and physical properties (magnetic susceptibility, intensity of the Natural Remnant Magnetization (NRM), ac current electrical conductivity and density) of 136 samples from 22 sites of the Yemen Volcanic Group TKY (Tertiary and (or) Cretaceous) from igneous rock exposures along the road from Sana’a – west towards Al-Hudyadah were studied. A single population consists of seven Virtual Geomagnetic Poles (VGP), of the Upper Oligocene, was accepted and a mean at 182.81° E, 77.44° N with α95= 12.5° was calculated. The different properties were measured in order to use these properties as characteristic factors to discriminate the neighboring igneous flows. The measurement of the in situ magnetic susceptibility of 140 points, distributed on 7 sub-areas, in the region helped to calculate the mean value of the magnetic susceptibility of each sub-area, which might be used in any magnetic interpretation of aeromagnetic or magnetic anomalies. Also, the density of 132 samples were measured and a mean value of the density of each sub-area was calculated in order to be used in any future interpretation of any gravity anomaly in the area.
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