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Register a new userStudy on Amylase Activity in Syrian Detergents
دراسة فعالية الأميلاز في المنظفات السورية
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Added by
Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2002
fields
Chemistry
and research's language is
العربية
Created by
Shamra Editor
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تستهلك سورية ١٢٨ ألف طن من المنظفات، تبلغ نسبة المساحيق الإنزيمية ٣٥ % ، تضاف إليها الإنزيمات بمعدل ٥ و ٠-١ % . يستخدم في المنظفات الأميلاز، الليباز، البروتيآز، و السلولآز. و بما أن الإنزيمات هي بروتينات تقوم بدور المحفز الحيوي في تفكيك المكونات الغذائية، فإن فعاليتها تتأثر بالحرارة و بمكونات المنظفات، و بخاصة المؤكسدات و المبيضات. جرى في هذا البحث تطبيق طريقة فولجموت Volgemyta المستخدمة في تحليل أميلاز اللعاب و الدم، على تحليل أميلاز المنظفات المنتشرة في السوق المحلية، و على تحليل الأميلاز التجاري مع الماء، و محلول كلور الصوديوم ١ و ٠ %، و مع المحلول الفيزيولوجي. كما درس تأثير المنظفات في فعالية الأميلاز، و بينا أن إضافة أي كمية جديدة من الأميلاز لاتجدي نفعا" في زيادة القدرة التنظيفية.
Syria consumes as many as ١٢٨ thousand tons of detergents yearly. The powder detergent with added enzyme represents is about ٣٥ % of the total production .The enzyme content in the detergent is ٠,٥-١,٠ %. Amylases, Lipases, Proteases, and cellulases are the main enzymes used in detergents. Enzymes are known to have protein structure and play role in biocatalysts during the cleaning process. Enzyme activity is affected by heat and the detergent s components such as oxidants, bleachers, and brighters. This research was focused on using Volgemyta method, which traditionally used for saliva and blood analyses to determent the Amylase activity in detergents produced in Syria. The result in dicate that this setteed may be used to determent the commercial Amylase activity in water, and in ٠,١ % Sodium chloride water solution, and finally in physiological solutions . The effect of the different detergents on the Amylase activity has been studied as well. As a result, the addition of any extra amount of Amylase makes no increase or improvement in the cleaning performance of the detergent.
References used
Eric–Jan Baas, Gist-brocades, Detergent Enzymes Group of the Bio-Spesialties Division , ١٩٩٤
Stanier R., Ingraham J., Wheelis M., Painter P., The Classification and Phylogeny of Bacteria, in: The Microbial World , ٥th.ed. published by Prentice- Hall, New Jersey , USA,١٩٨٦
Novo Nordisk, Manual Procedure for Determination of Alpha-Amylase Activity in Enzyme Preparations and Detergents
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Ten isolates of fungi-producing amylase were isolated from six different
sources (different kinds of soils - air-spoilage bread) on malt extract agar
(MEA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA). Four isolates were identified in
Museum of Natural History
Paris- France and six isolates were identified in the
College of Agriculture, Damascus University.
The ability of fungal isolates for secretion aflatoxins B1, B2 and G1 was
detected by thin layer chromatography technique and the quantity of toxins
was determined by using electronic scanner in Syrian Atomic Agency by
comparison with similar standard toxins.
The Syrian detergent companies used to add high percentage of perborate
salt in laundry detergents formulation to achieve best bleaching and cleaning
results. And usually the bleach activator which transforms the peroxides into
more effective mate
rials, was added to the formulation in non specified doses.
The studies have been made of the effect of the bleach activator -TAED on
the perborates salt show the possibility to reduce the amount of the used
perborates by controlling the - Perborates / TAED percentage in the detergent
formulation .
The released active oxygen depends on the ambiant temperature where
weak activity where detected when temperature exceeds ٦٠ celsius. This study
shows the role of the detergent formulation on the bleach activator where it
releases the active oxygen in a higher percentage when monohydrate sodium
perborate is used, and no effects were detected on the tensile strength of the
used fabric.
The purpose of this study is to Measure privet insurance companies
in Syria degree of commitment to marketing effectiveness
dimensions recording to Kotler’s model which involve Customer
Philosophy, operational efficiency, strategic orientation, ad
equate
marketing information and integrated marketing organization, and
that is according to the opinions of marketers and employees in
these companies through preparing a questionnaire which had been
refined and verified of its credibility. The study concluded a main
result, which is that Syrian privet insurance companies adopted
marketing effectiveness when they market there services , Finally
the study came up with a number of Recommendations, that can
lead to improve the reality of marketing practices in the private
insurance companies in Syria.
This research aims to introduce the species of insurance located in the Syrian market,
and compare them in terms of return and risk resulting from each of them, in addition to
trying to develop a model to measure the size of the development of the
insurance sector in
the Syrian market, using multivariate equations. Where the study showed that there is a
difference between the types of insurance in terms of the size of the return and risk
resulting from it has been shown that most types of insurance have an average profit,
excluding motor insurance Complementary and mandatory, in addition to the most
common types of insurance profitability is pension insurance, where profit per pound per
0.9991 followed by insurance against theft and transport insurance. Conversely study
showed that the average profit of the fire is 0.6252 per SP one, but the risk in this type of
insurance is very high risk where the standard deviation of about 2.06264, and followed in
terms of high-risk insurance hulls of ships where the standard deviation for securing ships
.81732. With regard to the following types: life insurance and pension insurance and
engineering insurance of civil liability and personal insurance are all enjoying a good profit
and the average rate risk is acceptable. The study recommended that insurance firms
should carry out a study and the reality of insurance in the Syrian market in terms of the
size of the risks and value of insurance premiums, especially life insurance types where
there are no actuarial studies specialist, in addition to giving fire insurance and compulsory
motor vehicle further study and development of many of the controls of would reduce the
size of the dangers that it contains two types of insurance.
In this study it has been determined the total phenols percentage of
three Syrian honey types. Then the relation has been studied
between phenols level in these three types of Syrian honey and its
effect on the Escherichia coli which causes many t
ypes of intestinal
and uric infections and causes many diseases as bleeding.
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