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Evaluation of the performance of some different origin of barley mixtures populations in comparison with locales and improved lines, under rainfed conditions (zone B) in Syria

تقييم أداء خلائط متباينة المصادر من الشعير مع سلالات محلية و محسنة ضمن ظروف الزراعة البعلية (مناطق استقرار ثانية) في سورية

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 Publication date 2003
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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In Syria, Barley is grown under rainfed conditions in areas receive less than 300mm (zones: 2, 3 and 4), which is characterized by limited water availability and large year to year variability in both total rainfall and distribution . A biotic stresses such as drought, cold, heat , salinity and biotic stresses in addition to low soil fertility and the traditional methods in agriculture production are the limiting factors for barley productivity in Syria. In these agro-climatic environments, landraces and their wild relatives are considered to be very useful as main sources of genetic materials in breeding programs, also its widely recognized that these materials could be an important source of useful genetic variation. A study of the genetic structure of landraces may explain to what extent their adaptation to harsh environments is associated with remote or continuous introgression of H. spontaneum, and hence indicates an additional avenue to improve barley yield and its stability in dry areas. The ability of pure lines to sustain yield and stability in dry areas highly correlated with its heterogeneity. and the mixture of several lines gave higher productivity than the pure line Arabi asswad. The objectives of this work were to study the relationships between the genotype and environment interaction, to evaluate and compare the performance of number of populations and barleymixtures with pure barley lines under rainfed conditions (Zone2) in Tel Hadya Research Station (35 Km South of Aleppo city). The study also aimed to investigate the population dynamic behavior of three pure lines of barley in pure stands and in mixtures, each pure line being selected from landraces of three climatically/ ecologically different regions in Syria and Jordan. The results showed that, in spit of the narrow genetic variation between the experimental materials, the variations were very wide and obvious for most of the studid characteristics, mainly on grain yield (3.25-5.17 ton/ha) and biological yield 7.4 – 11.9. The variation was due to highly productive tillers, 1000 kernel weight and grain size as well as the morphological and phenological characteristics. The environmental conditions during the three seasons did not allow the evaluation of the reaction of the Mixtures and Populations even though mixture 2, which consists of 1: 2: 1 of zanbaka, Arta and Wadi Al-Hassa showed a very good performance in grain yield, biological yield and many other characteristics such as grain weight, harvest index, threshing percentage, grain number and grain weight. It is expected that pure lines will perform better in favorable and stable conditions and mixtures and some populations will play a very important role under stressed environments.



References used
Allard, R.W. and Bradshaw, 1964. Implications of genotype – environment interactions in applied plant breeding . Crop Sci. 4: 503 – 508
Brown, A. H. D. & J. Munday, 1982. Population genetic structure of landraces from Iran . Genetica 58: 85-96
Burton G. W., 1964. The geneticists role in improving water use efficiency by crops. “Research on water “, Spec. Publ., 4, Amer. Soc. Agron., Madison, Wisconsin
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A field experiment was conducted at two environmentally different locations (Damascus and Dara'a), to evaluate the performance of 16 barley genotypes under rainfed conditions during the growing season of 2011-2012 in order to study in the response of some quantitative traits and determine the yield under drought conditions. The experiment was laid out according to the factorial complete randomized block design with three replicates for each genotype. Significant genetic variation was found in the response of barley genotypes to water stress. The performance of all genotypes was significantly superior in the less dry region (Izra’a-Daraa) compared to the more dry one (Abo jarash- Damascus) for all the examined parameters. Results revealed that the number of grains per spike was significantly higher in most lines compared to Arabi Abiad and Arabi Aswad, and the number of grains per spike was significantly higher in the line29 (43.17 grain per spike). The number of grains per m2 was significantly higher in line29,line64, Arabi Abiad and line14 (11177, 10809, 10802, 10744 grains per m2), respectively. The mean grain yield was significantly higher in the line64, line14 and Arabi Abiad. (479.3, 476 and 443 gram per m-2), respectively. Harvest index was significantly higher in all lines compared to Arabi Abiad and Arabi Aswad.
The performance of some barley genotypes was evaluated under rain-fed conditions in Dara'a (Izra'a) during two successive growing seasons (2009-2010/ 2010-2011) in order to determine the most relevant physiological traits, which are genetically as sociated with drought tolerance and grain yield. The trial was laid out according to the factorial complete randomized block design, with three replicates. The leaf area index (LAI) was significantly lower in the wild relatives compared with the varieties and land races. Relative water content was significantly higher during the second growing season (87.19%) compared with the first one (71.57%). Solute leakage was significantly lower during the second growing season (69.50%) compared with the first growing season (76.49%). It was noticed that the genotypes which have achieved significantly higher grain yields, could also maintain significantly higher relative water content in the leaves, (Acsad176, Acsad1182 and Acsad60), and were superior in maintaining membrane integrity, and leaf area index, indicating the importance of such traits in improving drought tolerance and maintaining production capacity.
This research was conducted in Abo Jarash farm (College of Agriculture, Damascus University) in 2009/2010. Fifteen strains of durum wheat contrived by ACSAD and ICARDA were studied, the productivity and its main components were compared with four certified varieties of durum wheat in Syria. The experiment was designed in complete randomized block design with three replicants. The results showed the presence of significant differences between the strains in most of the studied traits, and the strains derived from ACSAD were featured in the performance under the experiment condition. And those strains were characterized by the early heading, and maturity comparing with the wildly cultivated varieties in Syria and some of them were super or in grain production as Acsad 1311, Acsad 1327, Acsad 357(3648.36, 2988.75, 2884.80 kg/ha). The results confirmed the importance of the some components of productivity, weight of thousand grain, number of spikes, And plant length which were correlated positively with the productivity in unit area.
This cultivation was carried out in the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture at Damascus University during the 2013-2014 agricultural season to study the effect of seeding rate per unit area and planting dates on yield and its components for three barley genotypes under rain-fed conditions.
Twenty four genotypes were tested for grain yield in four diverse locations over two seasons i.e. 2005-06 and 2006-07. The genetic material contained 19 promising lines and five checks representing the local and improved cultivars for Zoon B (250- 350 mm/year) in Syria. The results showed the significant role of the genotype by environment interaction of crossover type in the performance of the genotypes studied and their ranking across test environments. The largest portion of the variance due to GE interaction was attributed to genotype by season GS and Genotype by location by season GLS interactions which revealed the importance of selection for yield stability in addition to average yield across environments.

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