تنتشر زراعة الشعير في سورية في المناطق البعلية التي تقل أمطارها عن 300 ملـم/سـنة و هـي
مناطق محدودة الماء المتاح من جهة و سيئة توزيع الهطول المطري السنوي خلال الموسم الواحد و مـا
بين المواسم. أضف إلى ذلك تعرضها للإجهادات اللاإحيائية (stresses Abiotic) مـن جفـاف و بـرودة
و حرارة و تملح و الإجهادات الإحيائية (stresses Biotic) من أمراض و حشرات و كذلك ضـعف خـصوبة
التربة و استخدام الأساليب التقليدية في الزراعة. تحد هذه العوامل منفردة أو مجتمعة من القدرة الإنتاجية
لهذا المحصول و تؤدي دوراً مهماً في عدم نجاح الأصناف المحسنة في مثل هذه البيئـات إذ تعـد ثباتيـة
الغلة و استقرارها عبر السنوات أكثر أهمية من زيادة الإنتاج، مما يعرض مزارعي الشعير إلـى خـسائر
مالية و اقتصادية فادحة و يؤثر سلباً في تربية الأغنام. اقترح الباحثون تطوير عدة اسـتراتيجيات للتغلـب
على هذه المشكلة و تحقيق مستوى مقبول من ثباتية الغلة و استقرارها منها البحث عن خلائط و عـشائر
نباتية بديلة مناسبة لهذه المناطق مكونة من سلالات نقية أو من سلالات محلية أو مـن طـرز وراثيـة
مناسبة منتشرة في المنطقة و الاستفادة من تباينها الوراثي و قدرتها على التأقلم مع الظـروف المناخيـة
و البيئية التي نشأت فيها لزيادة الغلة و استقرارها و التقليل من الآثار السلبية الناجمة عن التفاعل ما بـين
الطرز الوراثية (Genotype) و البيئة (Environment) للوصول إلى غلة متوازنة و مستقرة من الـشعير
على المدى الطويل ضمن ظروف الإجهاد المختلفة و العمل على رفع قيمة معامل استساغة الحيوان لها.
و عليه فقد هدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة العلاقة بين التركيب الوراثي و الوسط البيئي و تقييم و مقارنـة
أداء عدد من العشائر النباتية و الخلائط مع أداء سلالات محلية نقية من الشعير ضمن ظـروف الزراعـة
البعلية (منطقة استقرار ثانية) في محطة تل حديا جنوب مدينة حلب، و أثر ذلـك فـي اسـتقرار الإنتـاج
و ثباتيته عبر المواسم الزراعية المتتالية.
In Syria, Barley is grown under rainfed conditions in areas receive less than 300mm
(zones: 2, 3 and 4), which is characterized by limited water availability and large year to
year variability in both total rainfall and distribution . A biotic stresses such as drought,
cold, heat , salinity and biotic stresses in addition to low soil fertility and the traditional
methods in agriculture production are the limiting factors for barley productivity in
Syria. In these agro-climatic environments, landraces and their wild relatives are
considered to be very useful as main sources of genetic materials in breeding programs,
also its widely recognized that these materials could be an important source of useful
genetic variation. A study of the genetic structure of landraces may explain to what
extent their adaptation to harsh environments is associated with remote or continuous
introgression of H. spontaneum, and hence indicates an additional avenue to improve
barley yield and its stability in dry areas. The ability of pure lines to sustain yield and
stability in dry areas highly correlated with its heterogeneity. and the mixture of several
lines gave higher productivity than the pure line Arabi asswad.
The objectives of this work were to study the relationships between the genotype and
environment interaction, to evaluate and compare the performance of number of
populations and barleymixtures with pure barley lines under rainfed conditions (Zone2)
in Tel Hadya Research Station (35 Km South of Aleppo city).
The study also aimed to investigate the population dynamic behavior of three pure
lines of barley in pure stands and in mixtures, each pure line being selected from
landraces of three climatically/ ecologically different regions in Syria and Jordan.
The results showed that, in spit of the narrow genetic variation between the
experimental materials, the variations were very wide and obvious for most of the studid
characteristics, mainly on grain yield (3.25-5.17 ton/ha) and biological yield 7.4 – 11.9.
The variation was due to highly productive tillers, 1000 kernel weight and grain size as
well as the morphological and phenological characteristics. The environmental conditions
during the three seasons did not allow the evaluation of the reaction of the Mixtures and
Populations even though mixture 2, which consists of 1: 2: 1 of zanbaka, Arta and Wadi
Al-Hassa showed a very good performance in grain yield, biological yield and many other
characteristics such as grain weight, harvest index, threshing percentage, grain number
and grain weight. It is expected that pure lines will perform better in favorable and
stable conditions and mixtures and some populations will play a very important role
under stressed environments.
References used
Allard, R.W. and Bradshaw, 1964. Implications of genotype – environment interactions in applied plant breeding . Crop Sci. 4: 503 – 508
Brown, A. H. D. & J. Munday, 1982. Population genetic structure of landraces from Iran . Genetica 58: 85-96
Burton G. W., 1964. The geneticists role in improving water use efficiency by crops. “Research on water “, Spec. Publ., 4, Amer. Soc. Agron., Madison, Wisconsin
A field experiment was conducted at two environmentally different locations
(Damascus and Dara'a), to evaluate the performance of 16 barley genotypes
under rainfed conditions during the growing season of 2011-2012 in order to
study in the response
The performance of some barley genotypes was evaluated under rain-fed
conditions in Dara'a (Izra'a) during two successive growing seasons (2009-2010/
2010-2011) in order to determine the most relevant physiological traits, which
are genetically as
This research was conducted in Abo Jarash farm (College of Agriculture,
Damascus University) in 2009/2010. Fifteen strains of durum wheat contrived
by ACSAD and ICARDA were studied, the productivity and its main
components were compared with four
This cultivation was carried out in the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture at Damascus University during the 2013-2014 agricultural season to study the effect of seeding rate per unit area and planting dates on yield and its components for three barley genotypes under rain-fed conditions.
Twenty four genotypes were tested for grain yield in four diverse locations
over two seasons i.e. 2005-06 and 2006-07. The genetic material contained 19
promising lines and five checks representing the local and improved cultivars
for Zoon B (250-