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Register a new userEvaluation of the performance of some barley (Hordeumvulgare) genotypes under rainfed conditions
تقييم أداء بعض الطرز الوراثية من الشعير (.L Hordeumvulgare) تحت ظروف الزراعة المطرية
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2013
fields
Field Crops
and research's language is
العربية
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Shamra Editor
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قيم أداء 16 طرازاً وراثياً من الشعير بزراعتها تحت ظروف الزراعة المطرية، في منطقتـي دمـشق و درعا المتباينتين بيئياً بالهطولات المطرية، و درجات الحرارة خلال الموسم الزراعي2011-2012 بهدف دراسة مدى تأثر الصفات الكمية المحددة للغلة الحبية بظروف الجفاف. صممت التجربة وفـق القطاعـات العشوائية الكاملة العاملية، بمعدل ثلاثــة مكررات لكل طراز وراثـي، و تبـين وجـود فـرق معنـوي (P>05.0) في استجابة الطرز الوراثية المدروسة من الشعير لظروف الإجهاد المائي، إذ كـان أداؤه فـي موقع إزرع بمحافظة درعا (الأقل جفافاً) أفضل بالمقارنة مع موقع أبي جرش بمحافظـة دمـشق (الأكثـر جفافاً). و قد تفوقت معظم السلالات المدروسة على الصنفين المعتمدين: عربي أبيض و عربي أسـود، فـي متوسط عدد الحبوب في السنبلة. و كان الأعلى معنوياً لدى السلالة29) 17.43 حبة في السنبلة). كما كـان متوسط عدد الحبوب في المتر المربع الأعلى معنوياً لدى نباتات السلالة 29 ،تلاها السلالة 64 ،ثم الـصنف: م.حبة 10744 ،10802 ،10809 ،11177) 14فالسلالة، أبيض عربي 2- على التوالي)، و بلـغ متوسـط الغلة الحبية الأعلى معنوياً لدى السلالة64 ،و السلالة14 ،و الصنف: عربي أبـيض (3.479 ،476 ،443غ. م2- على التوالي). كما تفوقت السلالات جميعها على الصنفين المعتمدين عربي أبيض و عربي أسود فـي صفة دليل الحصاد.
A field experiment was conducted at two environmentally different locations (Damascus and Dara'a), to evaluate the performance of 16 barley genotypes under rainfed conditions during the growing season of 2011-2012 in order to study in the response of some quantitative traits and determine the yield under drought conditions. The experiment was laid out according to the factorial complete randomized block design with three replicates for each genotype. Significant genetic variation was found in the response of barley genotypes to water stress. The performance of all genotypes was significantly superior in the less dry region (Izra’a-Daraa) compared to the more dry one (Abo jarash- Damascus) for all the examined parameters. Results revealed that the number of grains per spike was significantly higher in most lines compared to Arabi Abiad and Arabi Aswad, and the number of grains per spike was significantly higher in the line29 (43.17 grain per spike). The number of grains per m2 was significantly higher in line29,line64, Arabi Abiad and line14 (11177, 10809, 10802, 10744 grains per m2), respectively. The mean grain yield was significantly higher in the line64, line14 and Arabi Abiad. (479.3, 476 and 443 gram per m-2), respectively. Harvest index was significantly higher in all lines compared to Arabi Abiad and Arabi Aswad.
References used
Abeledo, L. G., D. F. Calderini, and G. A. Slafer. 2002. physiological changes associated with genetic improvement of grain yield in barley. In: “Barley science: recent advances from molecular biology to agronomy of yield and quality” G. A. Slafer, J. L. Molin-Cano, R. Savin, J. L. Araus, I. Romagosa (eds.) Haworth, New York, pp 361–386
Blum, A. 1983. Breeding programs improving drought resistance to water stress. In C. D. Jr, Raper and P.J. Kramer (eds.), Crop reaction to water and temperature stresses in humid, temperate climates. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA, pp. 263-275
Bouzerzour, M. and A. Ben Mahamed. 1991. Correlation and regression studies of barley in eastern Algeria. Rachis 10 (2) :35-36
rate research
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The performance of some barley genotypes was evaluated under rain-fed
conditions in Dara'a (Izra'a) during two successive growing seasons (2009-2010/
2010-2011) in order to determine the most relevant physiological traits, which
are genetically as
sociated with drought tolerance and grain yield. The trial was
laid out according to the factorial complete randomized block design, with
three replicates. The leaf area index (LAI) was significantly lower in the wild
relatives compared with the varieties and land races. Relative water content
was significantly higher during the second growing season (87.19%) compared
with the first one (71.57%). Solute leakage was significantly lower during the
second growing season (69.50%) compared with the first growing season
(76.49%). It was noticed that the genotypes which have achieved significantly
higher grain yields, could also maintain significantly higher relative water
content in the leaves, (Acsad176, Acsad1182 and Acsad60), and were superior in
maintaining membrane integrity, and leaf area index, indicating the
importance of such traits in improving drought tolerance and maintaining
production capacity.
The research was conducted at Abo-Jarash farm, faculty of
agriculture, Damascus university during the two growing season
2011-2012 and 2012-2013 in order to evaluate genetic variability of
some lentils genotypes based on some physiological and
productivity traits associated with drought tolerance. The
experiment was laid out according to factorial randomized complete
block design with three replications.
This research was conducted in Abo Jarash farm (College of Agriculture,
Damascus University) in 2009/2010. Fifteen strains of durum wheat contrived
by ACSAD and ICARDA were studied, the productivity and its main
components were compared with four
certified varieties of durum wheat in
Syria. The experiment was designed in complete randomized block design with
three replicants. The results showed the presence of significant differences
between the strains in most of the studied traits, and the strains derived from
ACSAD were featured in the performance under the experiment condition.
And those strains were characterized by the early heading, and maturity
comparing with the wildly cultivated varieties in Syria and some of them were
super or in grain production as Acsad 1311, Acsad 1327, Acsad 357(3648.36,
2988.75, 2884.80 kg/ha). The results confirmed the importance of the some
components of productivity, weight of thousand grain, number of spikes, And
plant length which were correlated positively with the productivity in unit area.
This cultivation was carried out in the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture at Damascus University during the 2013-2014 agricultural season to study the effect of seeding rate per unit area and planting dates on yield and its components for three barley genotypes under rain-fed conditions.
In Syria, Barley is grown under rainfed conditions in areas receive less than 300mm
(zones: 2, 3 and 4), which is characterized by limited water availability and large year to
year variability in both total rainfall and distribution . A biotic stre
sses such as drought,
cold, heat , salinity and biotic stresses in addition to low soil fertility and the traditional
methods in agriculture production are the limiting factors for barley productivity in
Syria. In these agro-climatic environments, landraces and their wild relatives are
considered to be very useful as main sources of genetic materials in breeding programs,
also its widely recognized that these materials could be an important source of useful
genetic variation. A study of the genetic structure of landraces may explain to what
extent their adaptation to harsh environments is associated with remote or continuous
introgression of H. spontaneum, and hence indicates an additional avenue to improve
barley yield and its stability in dry areas. The ability of pure lines to sustain yield and
stability in dry areas highly correlated with its heterogeneity. and the mixture of several
lines gave higher productivity than the pure line Arabi asswad.
The objectives of this work were to study the relationships between the genotype and
environment interaction, to evaluate and compare the performance of number of
populations and barleymixtures with pure barley lines under rainfed conditions (Zone2)
in Tel Hadya Research Station (35 Km South of Aleppo city).
The study also aimed to investigate the population dynamic behavior of three pure
lines of barley in pure stands and in mixtures, each pure line being selected from
landraces of three climatically/ ecologically different regions in Syria and Jordan.
The results showed that, in spit of the narrow genetic variation between the
experimental materials, the variations were very wide and obvious for most of the studid
characteristics, mainly on grain yield (3.25-5.17 ton/ha) and biological yield 7.4 – 11.9.
The variation was due to highly productive tillers, 1000 kernel weight and grain size as
well as the morphological and phenological characteristics. The environmental conditions
during the three seasons did not allow the evaluation of the reaction of the Mixtures and
Populations even though mixture 2, which consists of 1: 2: 1 of zanbaka, Arta and Wadi
Al-Hassa showed a very good performance in grain yield, biological yield and many other
characteristics such as grain weight, harvest index, threshing percentage, grain number
and grain weight. It is expected that pure lines will perform better in favorable and
stable conditions and mixtures and some populations will play a very important role
under stressed environments.
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