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Register a new userSome characteristics of clay minerals of soils in the southern region (provinces of Daraa, Sweida)
بعض خواص معادن الطين في ترب المنطقة الجنوبية (محافظتي درعا و السويداء)
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انجزت الدراسة بهدف تحديد بعض خواص معادن الطين في ترب المنطقة الجنوبية (محافظتي درعـا و السويداء). اختير عدد من مقاطع التربة المشكلة لسلسلة طبوغرافية تشمل السفح الغربي لجبل العـرب و سهل حوران، و راوح ارتفاعها بين 500 و 1200م و معدلاتها المطرية بين 250 و 350 مم، و غالبـاً مـا تستثمر بمحاصيل الحبوب البعلية و بعض الأشجار. و قد جمع من كل مقطع ثـلاث عينـات ترابيـة علـى أعماق: 0- 25 و 25-50 و 50-100 سم. و حددت بعـض الخـواص الفيزيائيـة و الكيميائيـة للتـرب المدروسة، كما نفذت الدراسة المعدنية لمعادن الطين باسـتخدام الأشـعة الـسينية (ray-X) و التحليـل الحراري التفاضلي (DTA) . بينت نتائج الدراسة الفيزيائية و الكيميائية، أن الترب ذات قوام طيني غالبـاً، إذ بلغت أخفض نسبة للطين في العمق السطحي لتربة طفس Dr2 9.37 % في حـين شـكّلت أعلـى نسبة (5.67 %) في العمق الثاني لتربة تل الحديد SW2 ، و سعة تبادل كـاتيوني عاليـة (35 - 4.49) مليمكافئ /100 غرام تربة، و درجة الباهاء (pH) معتدلة في تربة سهوة بلاطـة SW1) 1.7) و مائلـة قليلاً للقلوية (8) في المواقع الأخرى تقريباً، و فقيرة في المادة العضوية، إذ كانت نحو (1 %) تقريبا فـي العمق السطحي و أقل من ذلك في الأعماق تحت السطحية. و راوحت نسبة كربونات الكالسيوم الكلية بـين (16.3 %) في تربة سهوة بلاطة SW1 و (35.25 %) في تربة طفس Dr2 . و سـاد عنـصر الكالـسيوم المتبادل على معقد الادمصاص، يليه المغنزيوم، إذ بلغـت أعلـى نـسبة للكالـسيوم المتبـادل (11.33) مليمكافئ/100 غرام تربة في العمق الثالث لتربة طفس Dr2 ، و للمغنزيـوم (99.13) مليمكـافئ / 100 غرام تربة و ذلك في العمق الثالث لتربة تل الحديد SW2 . و أظهرت نتائج دراسة معادن الطـين بالأشـعة السينية (ray-x) سيادة معدن السمكتيت (المونتمويللونيت)، يليه الكاؤولنيت ثم الإيليت. كما كانت نتائج التحليل الحراري التفاضلي ( DTA ) متطابقة مع نتائج الأشعة السينية (ray-x) من حيث سـيادة معـدن السمكتيت ثم الكاؤولنيت.
This study was achieved to identify some characteristics of clay minerals of soils in the southern of region (provinces of Daraa, Sweida). Several soils profiles were selected, forming a toposequence, including the western slope of Jabal Al Arab and part of Huran plateau which rise about 500-1200m a.s.L. and rainfall between 250-350mm. These soils usually are planted with rainfed crops and some trees. Three samples were collected from each profile at depth 0-25 cm, 25-50cm and 50-100cm in order to determine some physical and chemical of soli characteristics and x-ray and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) were applied to determine the mineralogical composition of clay minerals. Results indicated that the soils had an clayey texture (37.9 % in Tafas Dr2 to 67.5% in Tal al Haded SW2), rather high CEC (35-49.4) meq /100g soil, neutral pH in Sahwa blata SW1 soil (7.1) to slightly alkaline pH (8) in other soils, low content of organic matter (1)%. CaCO3 ranged of (3.16)% in Sahwa blata SW1 soil to (25.35)% in Tafas Dr2. Cacium was the dominant cation on the exchange complex (33.11mq/100g) in TafasDr2, and followed by magnesium (13.99 mq/100g) in Tal al Haded SW2. Mineralogical analsis by x-ray and DTA showed the presence of three main clay minerals, Smectites (montmurillonite), Kaolinite and Mica (probablly illite).
References used
Abou Nukta, F. 1982. Soil of huran basin classification. Agr. Abs. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am.USA
ACSAD. (1980). Tour guide, soil classification workshop. 2-4 April. ACSAD\SS\R28 Damascus. 170 P
Allen, B. L and D. S. Fanning. 1983. Composition and soil genesis. In: Pedogensis and soil taxonomy. I. Concept and interaction. Ed. by L. P. Wilding et al, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 141-192
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In order to implement this research soil profiles selected on a toposequence
were systematically collected from different geohorizons. Results indicated that
topographical factors played important roles in determining some soil features
such as th
e depth, texture distribution of CaCO3 and the fertility matter. The
study showed that the soil content of minor element was ranged between
moderate to low, and this may be related to the mineralogical composition of
the parent rock and weathering status and to the use of these elements by the
plants uptake during the long lasting exploitation. The results also indicated
that the decrease of these elements was consistent with the decrease of
elevation, such as heading from the slop to the plain. This probably also due to
the relation between the leaching process and topographical position and to a
less extend to the pH of the soil.
Drought is a recurrent phenomenon and a normal feature of climate. It is one of the major natural hazards that frequently hits Syria, causing significant damages to ecosystems and social–economic environment, especially agricultural areas.
The purpo
se of current study is to estimate the degree of severity and the frequency of drought at seasonal and annual timescales in the southern region of Syria by applying the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) on the rainfall data recorded over (1958-2006) in four climatic stations: Damscus, Khrabo, Dara and El-Sweda.
The results showed that there were no significant changes or trends in annual winter and spring rainfall at southern region scale. They also showed its frequent exposure to drought. At annual timescale, Damscus and Khrabo stations were distinguished from the others by extreme drought, and Khrabo by severe drought. The season mostly exposed to drought events was spring, followed by winter and autumn seasons. The absence of the evere drought of Dara winter, and the extreme drought of Damscus and Khrabo autumn were also observed.
Questionnaire has been designed to meet the research objectives.
The impacts included income, income sources, market, marketing, and
expenses.
A survey to record the genera of nematode associated with wheat in the
south region of Syria was carried out during 2002/01. 600 soil samples were
collected from the rhizosphere of wheat and examined. Nematodes were
extracted, identified and frequ
ency was calculated for each genus. Results
showed that 17 genera of nematode were associated with wheat. These genera
were divided into three groups. The free living nematode consisted of eight
genus, the plant and fungi nematode three genus and the plant parasitic
nematode group contains six genus.
The study was carried out at Soil Research Center in the province of Daraa
during 2011 in order to study some physical and moisture characteristics for
cinnamon soil, which occupies (48000 km²), equivalent to 26% of the area of the
Syrian Arab Rep
ublic and represents the cultivation of growing field crops
with a rainfall ranges between 150- 300 mm. The results showed that the
mechanical analysis for soil referred that its texture is clay with a good ability
to retain water, the field capacity rated between (30-38.85)%. The studied soil
has high value of available water (38.93mm) and useful water (25.69mm) in the
surface layer. The highest value of permanent wilting point and hygroscopic
moisture was reached in the final depth in studied profile soil, It was also
distinguished a high total porosity ranged between 51.78 and 55.59% with
a good air porosity amounted to 9.38 - 15.47 % in different depths and with the
decline to 5.51 % in the depth 30 - 45cm.
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