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The reality of micronutrients in some soils of the south area of Swaida

واقع العناصر الصغرى لبعض ترب المنطقة الجنوبية من محافظة السويداء

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 Publication date 2013
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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In order to implement this research soil profiles selected on a toposequence were systematically collected from different geohorizons. Results indicated that topographical factors played important roles in determining some soil features such as the depth, texture distribution of CaCO3 and the fertility matter. The study showed that the soil content of minor element was ranged between moderate to low, and this may be related to the mineralogical composition of the parent rock and weathering status and to the use of these elements by the plants uptake during the long lasting exploitation. The results also indicated that the decrease of these elements was consistent with the decrease of elevation, such as heading from the slop to the plain. This probably also due to the relation between the leaching process and topographical position and to a less extend to the pH of the soil.

References used
Abu Nukta, F. 1995. Environmental impact of fertilizers use in Syria. Proc. Seminar, production & use of chemical fertilizers and environment. Cairo. Eds. M. M. El-Fouly and F.E. Abdalla, pp35-50
Abu Nukta, F. and R. Parkinson. 2007. Effect of Humic Substances on Micronutrients Availability in Soils. Damascus University Journal for Agricultural Sciences. 23(2): 163-178
ACSAD, 1980. Tour Guide, Soil Classification Workshop. 2-4 April. ACSAD\ SS\R28 Damascus.170 P
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This study was achieved to identify some characteristics of clay minerals of soils in the southern of region (provinces of Daraa, Sweida). Several soils profiles were selected, forming a toposequence, including the western slope of Jabal Al Arab a nd part of Huran plateau which rise about 500-1200m a.s.L. and rainfall between 250-350mm. These soils usually are planted with rainfed crops and some trees. Three samples were collected from each profile at depth 0-25 cm, 25-50cm and 50-100cm in order to determine some physical and chemical of soli characteristics and x-ray and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) were applied to determine the mineralogical composition of clay minerals. Results indicated that the soils had an clayey texture (37.9 % in Tafas Dr2 to 67.5% in Tal al Haded SW2), rather high CEC (35-49.4) meq /100g soil, neutral pH in Sahwa blata SW1 soil (7.1) to slightly alkaline pH (8) in other soils, low content of organic matter (1)%. CaCO3 ranged of (3.16)% in Sahwa blata SW1 soil to (25.35)% in Tafas Dr2. Cacium was the dominant cation on the exchange complex (33.11mq/100g) in TafasDr2, and followed by magnesium (13.99 mq/100g) in Tal al Haded SW2. Mineralogical analsis by x-ray and DTA showed the presence of three main clay minerals, Smectites (montmurillonite), Kaolinite and Mica (probablly illite).
Yarmouk basin is considered one of the important basin in Syria due to its economical contribution in the total national production of the country. Also water plays a vital role in this effective activity of the economical development, the purpose of this research is to study the pollution in the southwest area inYarmouk basin on three levels: chemical, chemi-toxical and the Bacteriological. The study was done on three different sites which are: the outlet of Almzereeb lake, Zeizoun spring, Daael Al-kadeem well. The results were as follows: The rates of the concentration of both the ammonium and BOD in Zeizoun spring and Al-mzereeb lake high, where they exceeded the allowed limits in the drinking water of Zeizoun spring. But they remained within the allowed rates in the irrigation stander of Al-mzereeb lake, while there wasn’t any remarkable rising for such ions in the well of Daael Al-kadeem.
During the last decades a large area of irrigated lands in Syria has been shifted from extensive cropping to intensive agriculture. Many kinds of soils became incapable to supply high yield crops by their micronutrients requirements. Therefore, th e deficiency of Zn, B, Mn and Fe was mentioned in this soil. Humic substances influence micronutrients availability through chelating, which can either increase or decrease the availability of the micronutrients (MN). In this framework, two pot experiments were carried out in a greenhouse at the University of Plymouth (2006) to investigate the effect of a commercial humic substance (HS) on the micronutrients availability of: Fe, Mn ,Zn & Cu in two composite surface soil samples collected from Vertic Cambisols ,southwest of Syria & from Dystric Cambisols, southwest of England.
The study was conducted at Tishreen University, where laboratory experiments were carried out in the laboratories of the Faculty of Agriculture - Department of Soil and Water Sciences, while artificial rain experiments were conducted in the Tishreen 16 Dam lake area.

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