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Register a new userEffect of soil solarization and organic fertilization on the productivity of some Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes
تأثير تشميس التربة و التسميد العضوي في إنتاجية بعض الطرز الوراثية من الذرة الصفراء (Zea mays L.)
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نفذت الدراسة في مزرعة أبي جرش في كلية الزراعة بجامعة دمشق خـلال العـروة الرئيـسة مـن الموسم الزراعي 2013 بهدف تقييم تأثير معاملات تشميس التربة و معـاملات التـسميد العـضوي فـي إنتاجية بعض الطرز الوراثية من الذرة الصفراء (باسل1 ،باسل2 ،غوطة1 ،غوطة82 ،بلديـة بيـضاء). نفذت التجربة وفق تصميم القطع تحت المنشقة Design Plot Split-Split ،بثلاثة مكـررات. أشـارت نتائج التحليل الإحصائي إلى وجود تباين في استجابة طرز الذرة الصفراء المدروسـة لظـروف تـشميس التربة و التسميد العضوي، فقد تفوق الصنف التركيبي غوطة 82 معنوياً في صفة ارتفاع النبـات، و دليـل المــساحة الورقيــة، و وزن 100 حبــة و الغلــة الحبيــة (25.150 ســم، 84.2 ،10.28 غ، هكتار.طن 7.99 1- ) على التوالي، مقارنة مع باقي الطرز المدروسة، ثم جاء بعده الهجين الزوجي باسـل 2 الذي سجل أعلى عدد صفوف في العرنوس (83.13 صف.العرنوس). و شـجعت معاملـة تـشميس -1 -1 التربة مدة 45 يوماً قبل الزراعة واستخدام التسميد العضوي بمعدل 20 طن. هكتـار صـفات ارتفـاع النبات، و دليل المساحة الورقية، و عدد الصفوف و عدد الحبوب في العرنوس، و وزن 100 حبة، فـانعكس ذلك كله على الغلة الحبية. و نخلص بالتالي إلى أن بإمكاننا زراعة الصنف غوطة 82 أو الهجين باسـل 2 للحصول على غلة حبية عالية من محصول الذرة الصفراء.
This study was conducted in Abu-Jarash farm at the Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University during the main season 2013 to evaluate the effect of soil solarization and organic fertilization treatments on the productivity of some maize genotypes (Basel 1, Basel 2, Ghouta 1, Ghouta 82 and Local White). The experiment was laid out according to split-split plot design with three replications. The statistical analysis results clearly indicated to the existence of variability in the response of studied maize genotypes to soil solarization and organic fertilization treatments. The genotype Ghouta 82 surpassed in the traits of plant height, leaf area index, 100-kernel weight and grain yield (150.25 cm, 2.84, 28.10 g and 7.99 ton.ha-1) respectively, as compared to other studied genotypes and was closely followed by the genotype Basel 2 which recorded the highest number of rows per ear (13.83 row/ear). Soil solarization for 45 days before sowing and applying organic manures at the rate of 20 ton.ha-1 encouraged the traits of plant height, leaf area index, number of rows and grains per ear, 100-kernel weight which was reflected on grain yield. Therefore we can grow variety Ghouta 82 or hybrid Basel 2 to get higher yield of maize.
References used
Abu-Gharbieh, W. I. 1997. Pre and post plant soil solarization. International proceeding second conference on soil solarization and integrated management of soil borne pests. 16-21st March, Aleppo, Syria, p. 3
Adeniyan, O. N., A. O. Ojo, O. A. Akinbode and J. A. Adediran. 2011. Comparative study of different organic manures and NPK fertilizer for improvement of soil chemical properties and yield of maize in two different soils. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management. 2(1): 9-13
Al-Dollaimy, O. E. M. 2001. Response of corn genotypes to different level of Nitrogen under AL-Anbar Condition. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, AL-Anbar University, Iraq
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This study was carried out in the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture
University of Damascus during the growing season 2014, to study the
productivity of the maize cultivar ("Gouta 82) and the hybrids (Basel
1 and Basel 2) under the influence of tw
o plant densities 17.53
thousand plant. ha-1 (70x20cm) and 53.11 thousand plant. ha-1
(70x40cm).
The research was conducted at the Maize Researches Department, General
Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus,
Syria during the summer growing seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012. Treatments
were arranged in a Randomized
Complete Blocks Design with three
replications. The research aimed to evaluate genetic parameters for some traits
like days to 50% silking, plant and ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number
of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight and grain yield
per plant using generations means analysis of two maize hybrids (IL.292-06 ×
IL.565-06, IL.459-06 × IL.362-06) to detect epistasis and estimates of mean
effect [m], additive [d], dominance [h], additive × additive [i], additive ×
dominance [j] and dominance × dominance [l] parameters. Results showed that
the additive - dominance model was adequate to demonstrate the genetic
variation and its importance in the inheritance of most studied traits. Nonallelic
gene interaction was operating in the control of genetic variation in most
studied traits. The signs of [h] and [l] were opposite in most studied traits for
the two crosses. Also, the inheritance of all studied traits was controlled by
additive and non-additive genetic effects, but dominance gene effects play the
major role in controlling the genetic variation of the most studied traits,
suggesting that the improvement of those characters need intensive selection
through later generations. The phenotypic variations were greater than
genotypic variations for all studied traits in the two crosses, indicating greater
influence of environment in the expression of these traits. Highly significant
heterosis relative to mid and better parents, respectively was found for all
characters, and this accompanied with inbreeding depression for all traits.
Narrow sense heritability and genetic advance were low in most of the traits
due to the dominance of non-additive gene action in controlling the genetic
variation of the most studied traits and this predict low to medium values of
genetic advance through selection process.
This study was conducted at the farm of Faculty of Agricultural –Kharabo
as an intensive crop during 201 and 2012 growing seasons. Using the
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications to study
some genetic indices for grain yiel
d and its components, of 79 families of the
Sh group of maize improved by Full-sib selection. The results indicated that
the broad sense heritability ranged from high to moderate for some yield
components (number of kernels per row, number of rows per ear, ear length,
ear diameter, the weight of whole ear, whole kernel weight and grain yield and
it was 49.6, 52.9, 46.3 79.7, 56.74, 51 and 85.2%) respectively. Additive gene
action appeared to be controlling number of kernel per row, number of rows
per ear, ear length, ear diameter،,grain yiel, the weight of whole ea, kernel
weight indicating less selection cycles are required to improve yield depending
on its components.
An experiment was conducted on maize crop (Zea mays L.) in plastic pots in two
different soils (Qurna soil, which is poor organic matter and the other soil from
Maysan marshes, which is rich in organic matter), to study the effect of selenium,
sul
fur and phosphate and their interaction on dry weight of shoot of maize crop.
Selenium was added at four levels (0, 10, 20 and 40 g Se ha), sulfur at three
levels (0, 30 and 60 kg S ha), and phosphorus at three levels (0, 60 and 120 kg P
ha).
A half diallel set of crosses among six inbred lines of maize were evaluated at the
Maize Research Department (G.C.S.A.R.) in Damascus Governorate during 2010 and 2011
growing seasons to estimate heterosis and combining ability components for the n
umber of
rows per ear, number of kernels per ear, ear length (cm), ear diameter(cm), 100-kernel
weight (g), and grain yield (ton /hec).
The inbred lines, crosses, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining
ability (SCA) mean squares were highly significant for all the studied traits, showing the
existence of a genetic variance among lines.
The ratios of GCA to SCA detected for the studied traits showed the dominance of an
additive gene action for all the studied traits except for 100-kernel weight and grain yield
which showed the predominance of a non-additive gene action.
The heterosis percentage for the studied traits was significant based on mid and
better parents.
The GCA effects showed that the lines CML.317, CML.371, CML.373 and
CML.367 were good general combiners for grain yield, while the SCA effects showed that
seven hybrids were the best F1 cross combinations such as (CML.317×CML.371) for grain
yield.
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