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Register a new userThe Effect of Plant Density in The Productivity of Some Genotypes of Maize (Zea mays L.)
تأثير الكثافة النباتية في إنتاجية بعض الطرز الوراثية من الذرة الصفراء المحلية (Zea mays L)
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أجريت الدراسة في مزرعة أبي جرش في كلية الزراعة بجامعة دمشق لتحديد تأثير الكثافة النباتية في إنتاجية صنف واحد و هجينين من الذرة الصفراء (غوطة 82 ، باسل 1 و باسل 2) حيث استخدمت الكثافتين 35.71 ألف نبات. هكتار-1 (70 × 40)سم و 71.43 ألف نبات. هكتار- 1 (20×70) سم. تم دراسة الصفات الشكلية و الإنتاجية التالية: ارتفاع النبات، طول العرنوس، عدد الصفوف في العرنوس، عدد الحبوب في العرنوس، وزن الحبوب في العرنوس بمرحلة الحصاد، وزن الألف حبة، الغلة الحبية، و نسبة القولحة.
This study was carried out in the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture University of Damascus during the growing season 2014, to study the productivity of the maize cultivar ("Gouta 82) and the hybrids (Basel 1 and Basel 2) under the influence of two plant densities 17.53 thousand plant. ha-1 (70x20cm) and 53.11 thousand plant. ha-1 (70x40cm).
Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
أجريت دراسة لتحديد تأثير الكثافة النباتية على إنتاجية ثلاثة طرز وراثية من الذرة الصغراء (غوطة 82، باسل1، وباسل2) في مزرعة أبي جرش بجامعة دمشق. استخدمت كثافتين نباتيتين: 35.71 ألف نبات/هكتار و71.43 ألف نبات/هكتار. تم تقييم عدة صفات شكلية وإنتاجية مثل ارتفاع النبات، طول العرنوس، عدد الصفوف والحبوب في العرنوس، وزن الحبوب في العرنوس، وزن الألف حبة، الغلة الحبية، ونسبة القولحة. أظهرت النتائج تفوق صنف غوطة 82 في ارتفاع النبات ونسبة القولحة، بينما أعطى أقل وزن للحبوب في العرنوس. لم يكن للكثافة النباتية تأثير معنوي على إنتاجية الطرز الوراثية المدروسة. كما أظهرت الدراسة وجود علاقة ارتباط موجبة بين الغلة الحبية وكل من ارتفاع النبات، وزن الحبوب، ووزن الألف حبة.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر الدراسة شاملة ومفصلة في تحليل تأثير الكثافة النباتية على إنتاجية الذرة الصغراء، ولكن يمكن تحسينها من خلال تضمين المزيد من التفاصيل حول الظروف البيئية والتربة التي قد تؤثر على النتائج. كما أن الدراسة اعتمدت على كثافتين نباتيتين فقط، مما قد يحد من إمكانية تعميم النتائج على نطاق أوسع. يمكن أن تكون إضافة كثافات نباتية أخرى مفيدة لفهم أعمق لتأثير الكثافة على الإنتاجية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن تحسين الدراسة من خلال تضمين تحليل اقتصادي لتكلفة وفوائد استخدام كثافات نباتية مختلفة.
Questions related to the research
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ما هي الطرز الوراثية التي تم دراستها في البحث؟
تم دراسة ثلاثة طرز وراثية من الذرة الصغراء وهي غوطة 82، باسل1، وباسل2.
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ما هي الكثافات النباتية التي استخدمت في الدراسة؟
استخدمت كثافتين نباتيتين: 35.71 ألف نبات/هكتار و71.43 ألف نبات/هكتار.
-
ما هي الصفات الإنتاجية التي تم تقييمها في الدراسة؟
تم تقييم عدة صفات إنتاجية مثل ارتفاع النبات، طول العرنوس، عدد الصفوف والحبوب في العرنوس، وزن الحبوب في العرنوس، وزن الألف حبة، الغلة الحبية، ونسبة القولحة.
-
ما هي النتائج الرئيسية التي توصلت إليها الدراسة؟
أظهرت النتائج تفوق صنف غوطة 82 في ارتفاع النبات ونسبة القولحة، بينما أعطى أقل وزن للحبوب في العرنوس. لم يكن للكثافة النباتية تأثير معنوي على إنتاجية الطرز الوراثية المدروسة.
References used
ACCIARES, H. A. and ZULUAGA, M. S., 2006- Effect of plant row spacing and herbicide use on weed aboveground biomass and corn grain yield, Planta Daninha, Vol. 24 (2). 287 – 293
AL-DOLLAIMY, O. E. M, 2001- Response of corn genotypes to different level of Nitrogen under AL-Anbar Condition, M. Sc. Thesis, College of Agric., AL-Anbar Univ.,Iraqi
ALI, R., KHALIL, S. K., RAZA, S. M. and KHAN, H. 2003- Effect of herbicides and row spacing on maize (Zea Mays L. ). Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res., 9(3-4): 171-178
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This study was conducted in Abu-Jarash farm at the Faculty of Agriculture,
Damascus University during the main season 2013 to evaluate the effect of soil
solarization and organic fertilization treatments on the productivity of some
maize genotypes
(Basel 1, Basel 2, Ghouta 1, Ghouta 82 and Local White). The
experiment was laid out according to split-split plot design with three
replications. The statistical analysis results clearly indicated to the existence of
variability in the response of studied maize genotypes to soil solarization and
organic fertilization treatments. The genotype Ghouta 82 surpassed in the traits
of plant height, leaf area index, 100-kernel weight and grain yield (150.25 cm,
2.84, 28.10 g and 7.99 ton.ha-1) respectively, as compared to other studied
genotypes and was closely followed by the genotype Basel 2 which recorded the
highest number of rows per ear (13.83 row/ear). Soil solarization for 45 days
before sowing and applying organic manures at the rate of 20 ton.ha-1
encouraged the traits of plant height, leaf area index, number of rows and
grains per ear, 100-kernel weight which was reflected on grain yield. Therefore
we can grow variety Ghouta 82 or hybrid Basel 2 to get higher yield of maize.
The research was conducted at the Maize Researches Department, General
Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus,
Syria during the summer growing seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012. Treatments
were arranged in a Randomized
Complete Blocks Design with three
replications. The research aimed to evaluate genetic parameters for some traits
like days to 50% silking, plant and ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number
of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight and grain yield
per plant using generations means analysis of two maize hybrids (IL.292-06 ×
IL.565-06, IL.459-06 × IL.362-06) to detect epistasis and estimates of mean
effect [m], additive [d], dominance [h], additive × additive [i], additive ×
dominance [j] and dominance × dominance [l] parameters. Results showed that
the additive - dominance model was adequate to demonstrate the genetic
variation and its importance in the inheritance of most studied traits. Nonallelic
gene interaction was operating in the control of genetic variation in most
studied traits. The signs of [h] and [l] were opposite in most studied traits for
the two crosses. Also, the inheritance of all studied traits was controlled by
additive and non-additive genetic effects, but dominance gene effects play the
major role in controlling the genetic variation of the most studied traits,
suggesting that the improvement of those characters need intensive selection
through later generations. The phenotypic variations were greater than
genotypic variations for all studied traits in the two crosses, indicating greater
influence of environment in the expression of these traits. Highly significant
heterosis relative to mid and better parents, respectively was found for all
characters, and this accompanied with inbreeding depression for all traits.
Narrow sense heritability and genetic advance were low in most of the traits
due to the dominance of non-additive gene action in controlling the genetic
variation of the most studied traits and this predict low to medium values of
genetic advance through selection process.
The study was carried out at Abo Jarash farm, Faculty of Agriculture,
Damascus University, during the growing season of 2012, where the maize
cultivar "Gouta 1" was grown in three agricultural spacings (20, 30 and 40 cm
between plants in the same
row), with a fixed space (70 cm) between rows,
according to the randomized complete block design and three replicates per
treatment, in order to study the effect of the studied agricultural spacing on the
following characters: plant height, length and weight of ear, number of kernel
rows per ear, number and weight of kernels per ear, net percentage, hundred
kernels weight, the kernel yield, the dry yield and the oil and protein contents
in the kernels. Results showed a significant decrease in plant height from
155.31 to 130.10 cm, while a significant increase was observed in number of
kernels per ear (from 310.05 to 373.82 kernels), in weight of kernels per ear
(from 41.20 to 65.17 g) and in net percentage (from 61.61 to 91.51 %),
respectively with the increase of agricultural spacing from 20 to 40 cm.
However, the increase in these characters didn’t substitute the small number of
plants in the vast spacing compared with the narrow spacing, which is reflected
in kernel yield per unit of area that amounted to 3.19 and 2.04 tons/ha,
respectively.
This study was conducted at the farm of Faculty of Agricultural –Kharabo
as an intensive crop during 201 and 2012 growing seasons. Using the
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications to study
some genetic indices for grain yiel
d and its components, of 79 families of the
Sh group of maize improved by Full-sib selection. The results indicated that
the broad sense heritability ranged from high to moderate for some yield
components (number of kernels per row, number of rows per ear, ear length,
ear diameter, the weight of whole ear, whole kernel weight and grain yield and
it was 49.6, 52.9, 46.3 79.7, 56.74, 51 and 85.2%) respectively. Additive gene
action appeared to be controlling number of kernel per row, number of rows
per ear, ear length, ear diameter،,grain yiel, the weight of whole ea, kernel
weight indicating less selection cycles are required to improve yield depending
on its components.
A half diallel set of crosses among six inbred lines of maize were evaluated at the
Maize Research Department (G.C.S.A.R.) in Damascus Governorate during 2010 and 2011
growing seasons to estimate heterosis and combining ability components for the n
umber of
rows per ear, number of kernels per ear, ear length (cm), ear diameter(cm), 100-kernel
weight (g), and grain yield (ton /hec).
The inbred lines, crosses, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining
ability (SCA) mean squares were highly significant for all the studied traits, showing the
existence of a genetic variance among lines.
The ratios of GCA to SCA detected for the studied traits showed the dominance of an
additive gene action for all the studied traits except for 100-kernel weight and grain yield
which showed the predominance of a non-additive gene action.
The heterosis percentage for the studied traits was significant based on mid and
better parents.
The GCA effects showed that the lines CML.317, CML.371, CML.373 and
CML.367 were good general combiners for grain yield, while the SCA effects showed that
seven hybrids were the best F1 cross combinations such as (CML.317×CML.371) for grain
yield.
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