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Register a new userGenetic indicators of some quantitative traits in hybrids of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
المؤشرات الوراثية لبعض الصفات الكمية في هجن من الشعير (Hordeum vulgare L)
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نِّفذ التهجين نصف التبادلي بين ستة طرز وراثية من الشعير في محطة بحوث قرحتا التابعة للهيئـة العامة للبحوث العلمية الزراعية في الموسمين الـزراعيين (2010/2011) و (2011/2012) بهـدف تقدير القدرة العامة و الخاصة على التوافق، و قوة الهجين لصفات ارتفـاع النبـات، الغلـة الحبيـة فـي النبات، عدد السنابل في النبات، عدد الحبوب في السنبلة، و وزن الألف حبة.
A half diallel set of crosses among six highly diverse barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes were evaluated at Karahta station of field crops research (GCSAR) Damascus Governorate, during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 seasons to study heterosis and combining ability components for plant height, grain yield per plant, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike and thousand kernel weight.
References used
Abeledo, L. G, Calderini, D. F. and Slafer, G. A. 2002. Physiological changes associated with genetic improvement of grain yield in barley. Food Products Press, an Imprint of the Haworth Press, Inc. New York, 361-386
Al-Shalaldeh, G and Duwayri, M. A. 1986. Inheritance of morphophysiological characters and grain yield in durum wheat crosses. Rachis, 5(1): 37-41
Bothmer, V. R, N, Jacobsen, C, Baden, R. B, Jorgensen and I, Linde-Laursen. 1991. Anecogeographical study of the genus Hordeum. International Boardfor Plant Genetic esources, Rome, 127 p
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Six population seeds of three yellow maize hybrids were formed at Agricultural Research Center, Homs, during 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. Their plants were evaluated in 2010. The present work aims to determine the genetic parameters in six populati
ons (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2). Mean square results showed significant differences among mean values for all traits in all crosses. Significant heterosis values were positive and relative comparing to mid and better parent for most traits. The potence ratios exceeded (+1) in all traits and crosses except ear height, indicating thus over-dominance. In breeding, depression values were significant in most traits for Cross-1, while their values were non- significant in all traits for Cross-2 except plant height, and also in Cross-3 except plant height and grain yield per plant. In most traits epestasis or dominance gene action occupied the first rank in the genetic effects in order of importance to cross, with the exception of number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row and grain yield per plant where additive gene action occupied the first rank for Cross-2 and Cross-1 respectively. Therefore, it could be suggested that selection for most studied traits in the subsequent generations will be relatively more effective than in the early generations.
The research was conducted at the Maize Researches Department, General
Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus,
Syria during the summer growing seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012. Treatments
were arranged in a Randomized
Complete Blocks Design with three
replications. The research aimed to evaluate genetic parameters for some traits
like days to 50% silking, plant and ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number
of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight and grain yield
per plant using generations means analysis of two maize hybrids (IL.292-06 ×
IL.565-06, IL.459-06 × IL.362-06) to detect epistasis and estimates of mean
effect [m], additive [d], dominance [h], additive × additive [i], additive ×
dominance [j] and dominance × dominance [l] parameters. Results showed that
the additive - dominance model was adequate to demonstrate the genetic
variation and its importance in the inheritance of most studied traits. Nonallelic
gene interaction was operating in the control of genetic variation in most
studied traits. The signs of [h] and [l] were opposite in most studied traits for
the two crosses. Also, the inheritance of all studied traits was controlled by
additive and non-additive genetic effects, but dominance gene effects play the
major role in controlling the genetic variation of the most studied traits,
suggesting that the improvement of those characters need intensive selection
through later generations. The phenotypic variations were greater than
genotypic variations for all studied traits in the two crosses, indicating greater
influence of environment in the expression of these traits. Highly significant
heterosis relative to mid and better parents, respectively was found for all
characters, and this accompanied with inbreeding depression for all traits.
Narrow sense heritability and genetic advance were low in most of the traits
due to the dominance of non-additive gene action in controlling the genetic
variation of the most studied traits and this predict low to medium values of
genetic advance through selection process.
The research aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and the genetic
relationship between 16 Hordeum vulgare genotypes (variaties and new lines),
using SSR markers. 32 primer pairs were used in the analysis, five of them
amplified primers monomorp
hic alleles, while the remaining primers detected
different alleles. A total of 126 polymorphic alleles were revealed by the 27
primer pairs. The number of different alleles detected on alocus ranged from 2
to 11with a mean of 4.66 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content
(PIC) values ranged from 0.21 to 0.88 with a mean value of 0.49, and the gene
diversity ranged from 0.23 to 0.89 with a mean value of 0.53.The dendrogram
was established using SSR data clustered into three major groups. The smallest
genetic relationship was observed between line39 and line38 . The results proved
the efficiency of SSR markers in the estimation of genetic diversity and in the
clustering of the barley genotypes in Syria.
WI٢٢٩١ and Tadmor, two barley lines widely grown in the Mediterranean
region were tested for powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei)
resistance together with the European differential tester set against six powdery
mildew isolates. The si
x cultures of powdery mildew developed from single
colonies were comprised of four powdery mildew isolates originating from Syrian barley lines and two cultures originating from Danish barley lines.
This study present first estimates of segregation distortion
as revealed by comparison of segregation ratios in DH lines and sexually
produced F٢ lines in barley using the co-dominant microsatellite markers
(STMS).
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