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Register a new userAssesment the Response of Few Tomato (Lycopersicum Esculentum M.) Types to NaCl – Induced Salinity Stress
تقييم استجابة بعض مدخلات البندورة (Lycopersicum esculentum M.) للإجهاد الملحي(NaCl)
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2003
fields
Field Crops
and research's language is
العربية
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تمت في هذه الدراسة محاكاة لما يحدث فعلا في الطبيعة من تعرض النباتات لمستويات غير مميتة (محرضة) من الإجهادات البيئية قبل تعرضها لشدة مميتة من الإجهاد البيئي. تسمح الزيادة التدريجية في شدة الإجهاد بإعطاء النباتات فرصة كافية لتحضير وسائلها الدفاعية لمواجهة المستوى المميت من الإجهاد. استنادًا لذلك كان لا بد من تحديد مستوى التحريض الأمثل و كذلك المستوى المميت الأمثل من الإجهاد الملحي كأحد أهم مكونات تقانة الغربلة المقترحة. استخدمت هذه التقانة لغربلة بعض طرز البندورة و تقييم درجة التباين الوراثي فيها و استجابتها لتحمل الإجهاد الملحي من أجل انتقاء الطرز المتحملة للملوحة العالية و استبعاد الطرز الحساسة.
This investigation is a mimesis to what usually happens in nature, where the plants are normally exposed to sublethal environmental stresses before their exposure to the lethal level of stresses. The gradual increase of environmental stress, gives plants a suffficient time to prepare their defensive means to withstand the lethal level of stress. In order to develope a suitable screening technique, it was essential to determine the induction as well as the lethal levels of stress, as important components of such proposed tool. This technique was applied to screen some tomato genotypes, and assess the genetic variability among them, in order to evaluate their salinity stress response , and selecting the highly salt tolerant types.
References used
Al-ouda,A.S. ١٩٩٩.Genetic variability in temperature and moisture stress tolerance in Sunflower(Helianthus annuusL.)hybrids:An assessment based on physiologigal and biochemical parameters.
Carter, D. L. ١٩٧٥. Problems of salinity in agriculture, plants in saline environments (A. Poljakoff – mauber and J, Gale, eds.), springer, Berlin
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In order to study the effect of prime treatment (salt hardening) on maize seeds
(variety Ghouta 82) and type of irrigation water on the plant response to salt stress through
the effect on the productivity and the plant tissue contents Cl, Na and K.
Maize seeds were
soaked in Euphrates fresh water (EC:1.03 dS.m-1), or in agricultural drainage water (EC:
5.89 dS.m-1) for (12) hours, the seeds therefore were dried and planted in plots of (15 m2)
for each replicate and then irrigated with four different types of water; (100 % Euphrates
water, 50% Euph. water + 50% agri. drain. water, 33 % Euph. water + 67 % agri. drain.
water, and 100% agri. drain. water) during the growing season. K, Na, and Cl in plants
were determinated, 1000 grains weight, and grain yield production were estimated in kg.h-1
for each replicate and treatment.
The results showed that, it is possible to have 3 tons of grain / hectare by irrigation
with agricultural drainage water, which is acceptable, under semi-arid conditions. Salt
hardening of maize seeds increased seed yield by (32.80%), which is considered
satisfactory under the experimental conditions.
This study was conducted at Abo Jarash farm, Faculty of Agriculture,
Damascus University In order to determine the response of three local varieties
of potato (Sponta, Draja, Diamont) to salinity stress with different
concentration of NaCl solutio
n (0,50, 100, 150, 200 mM). The results indicated
that the existence of a inverse correlation between increased concentrations of
salts in the solution and the rate of plant height, leaf area, and the percentage of
leaf dry weight, and the proportion K+/ Na+., and the productivity was declined
with a proportional rate 22< 32, and 48% for the varieties of Sponta, Draja,
Diamont, respectively. Results indicated the existence of reverse relationship
between increasing salt concentration in the medium and plant height, Leaf
area, dry weight of the leaves and K+/Na+ ration in addition to the decline in the
productivity of studied varieties. The results also showed variations in the
extent of tolerance between studied varieties to salinity stress where Sponta
was the most tolerant, followed by Draja and Diamont was the less tolerant and
this was reflected in terms of higher germination and increasing the mean of
plant height, Leaf area and dry weight of plant.
This study was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus
University, and ACSAD during the year 2001 – 2002 in order to assess the
genetic variability of twenty wheat genotypes for osmotic stress tolerance by
using PEG-6000 as a water str
ess induced tool. This trial aimed to develop
a semi-natural rapid and effective screening technique in which the optimum
induction as well as lethal levels of osmotic stress are well defined .
The results revealed that the treatments –0.4 MPa and –1.5 MPa were the
optimum induction and lethal levels of osmotic stress, respectively.
A laboratory experiment was conducted during 2002-003. The purpose was
to develop an effective and rapid screening tool to assess the genetic variability
for the response of some local barley varieties to polyethylene glycol- induced
osmotic stres
s at early growth stage. Also this will help to evaluate the relevance
of pre-exposure of barley seedlings to sub-lethal (induction) levels of osmotic
stress. This might enhance the capacity of seedlings to tolerate the lethal levels
of stress.
This study aim at investigating the tolerance of two tomato rootstock (Sprit and ES-
30502) widely speared in Syria and used for crafting some tomato hybrids grown in green
houses for different salinity levels (0- 25- 50- 75- 100- 150 mM NaCl).
Th
e results show that the germination of rootstock Sprit seeds was not influenced by
high salinity 150 mM despite a delay of 1-2 days compared with the control. A reduction
of 15% was observed in the rootstock ES-30502 at 100 and 150 mM NaCl salinity levels,
in addition to slower percentage rate of germination. In contrast, the effect of salinity on
the development of the radical and rootlet was more pronounced in Sprit compared to ES-
30502. Salinity decreased the growth of both shoots and roots, and also decreased nutrient
acquisition in both rootstocks, but to a lesser degree in ES-30502. The uptake of K was not
greatly affected and concentrations in shoot remained normal. The concentrations of Ca
and Mg were also not affected by salinity. The most pronounced effect of salinity was on
nitrogen effect (NO3) which was reduced greatly in both rootstocks. This was accompanied
by accumulation of free NO3 ions in the shoot tissue (58 and 45 % of total N uptake at
salinity level of 150 mM). It is most likely that toxicity of Na and Cl ions, and consequent
osmotic changes in cell tissue led to slower nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and
accumulation of NO3.
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