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Register a new userThe role of research and development in raising the competitiveness of economic institutions in Syria
دور البحث و التطوير في رفع تنافسية المؤسسات الاقتصادية في سورية
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يمر العالم اليوم بموجة من التغييرات و التطورات المتسارعة في شتى مجالات الحياة السياسية و الاقتصادية و الاجتماعية و الثقافية , و يعود ذلك على التقدم الهائل في تكنولوجيا المعلومات و الاتصالات التي جعلت من العالم قرية واحدة الأمر الذي يؤدي إلى تغيير قواعد التنافسية الدولية . و سورية التي تعتبر جزء هاماً من هذا العالم بحكم موقعها الجيو استراتيجي , تؤثر و تتاثر بما يحدث في هذا العالم , و بالتالي يحتم عليها زيادة قدراتها التنافسية. و يشكل البحث العلمي و التطوير مرتكزاً أساسياً للتنافسية و مطلباً هاماً للتنمية لأنه يعمل على تغيير ملامح المؤسسات الإنتاجية السورية و يساعدها على الارتقاء إلى المستوى المرموق . فالاستثمار في البحث و التطوير سيؤدي عموماً إلى تحسين الناتج المحلي الإجمالي. و تتأتي ضرورة الاستثمار في البحث و التطوير من واقع أن أي اقتصاد مستدام هو اقتصاد مبني على المعرفة و ذلك في كل القطاعات. و يتطلب هذا الأمر تعبئة جميع الفاعلين المعنيين، بدءاً من الحكومة و مروراً بالمنظمات غير الحكومية و القطاع الخاص و المنظمات الدولية و الإقليمية و مجتمع العلوم و التقانة و انتهاءاَ بوسائل الإعلام.
The world is undergoing today a wave of changes and rapid developments in various areas: political, economic, social and cultural. This is due to the tremendous progress in information and communication technology that turned the world into one village. This, in turn, leads to a transformation in international competitiveness rules. Syria, which is an important part of this world by virtue of its geo-strategic location, affects and is affected by what happens in this world. Thus, it is necessary for this country to increase its capabilities of competitiveness. Research and development are a major anchor of competitiveness and an important requirement for growth because they work to change the features of Syrian productive enterprises and help them to upgrade to a prestigious level. Investing in research and development will generally improve the GDP. The need to invest in research and development is derived from the fact that a sustainable economy is an economy based on knowledge, in all sectors. This requires the mobilization of all active entities concerned, including the government, NGOs, the private sector, international and regional organizations, the of science and technology community and the media.
References used
International Institute For Management Development "Imd, World Competitiveness Yearbook,2007, P24
World Economic Forum"Wef": 2007, The Arab World Competitiveness Report: Sustaining The Growth Momentum, P36
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The concept of competitiveness is a new economic concept characterized by
dynamism and consists of three axes, which are basic requirements, efficiency enhancers
and creativity development factors. Therefore, attention must be paid to competitivene
ss
and benefit should be obtained from its concept to achieve economic development, growth
and improving people's living standard.
In this research we studied the relationship between per capita GDP as a touchstone
of economic growth on the one hand, and competitiveness index on the other. We also
determined priorities posed by competitive axes in calculating the value of this index to get
standard models that play a role in determining relations and predicting future values, and
determining the appropriate strategy for economic growth.
We concluded that the basic prerequisites play the largest role in the planning of
economic growth (45%), followed by boosters (34%), and we discovered that creativity
development factors play a trivial role in economic growth (21%). These results indicate
that the competitive index depends on the service and commercial hubs and creativity
development is not given the attention it deserves as it has an essential role in the economic
growth and cultural progress.
The process of soil restoration is one of the most important methods of vertical and
horizontal expansion in the agricultural sector; it works to increase the effectiveness of
investments on the one hand, and to accelerate mass production on the ot
her hand. The
processes of reclamating lands include a big number of important procedures that directly
affect the utilization of agricultural lands. On top of these procedures come: constructing
dams, building modern systems and nets for irrigation and sanitation, reclamating saline
soil, protecting soil from drift and erosion, stopping encroachment of desert, settling land
slopes, getting rid of stones, building terraces in slopes, drilling artesian wells, improving
pastures, and cultivation green belts.
The Syrian government developed a multiple-target-agricultural strategy including
primarily increasing the reclaimed areas, using modern techniques for irrigation (drip and
spray), as well as providing water for irrigation through the construction of several dams.
This made the total irrigated area in the country about 1399 thousand hectares in 2011, i.e.
about 24.5% of the cultivated land. The percentage of irrigated areas using this method is
about 22.4% of the total irrigated area in the country. These actions positively affected the
productivity of crops, vegetables and fruit trees, so that the winter irrigated crops reached
5–10 times the non–irrigated crops, and the summer irrigated crops reached 4 times the
non–irrigated crops.
أدركت الكثير من الدول المتقدمة أهمية المشروعات الصغيرة، في دعم الاقتصاد الوطني فوضعت
لها استراتيجية شاملة لتجعل منها الحجر الأساس في البناء الاقتصادي للبلد. كما أنها أجادت توظيف واستغلال هذه المشروعات في تغذية المشروعات الكبرى بالمنتجات الصغيرة والو
سيطة.
أما بالنسبة لموضع في سورية فقد عانى الاقتصاد السوري من مشاكل عديدة تمثلت في مجموعة من القضايا الاقتصادية التي شكلت بمجملها مجموع العوائق التي ساهمت في الحد من تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، كان أهمها البطالة بكافة أنواعها، حيث لم يسمح نطاق الإنتاج والأساليب الفنية للإنتاج باستيعاب فائض عرض قوة العمل.
The recruiting of sciences is usually accompanied with
reorganization of traditional research methods and preparation of new
approaches and methods which lead to develop it. Through the process of
human geography development, the theoretical and m
ethodical bases of
this science, essentially, expands and become deeper. The complexity of
human geographical studies and their practical applications requires
effective use of relative sciences' methods and enrichment the methodical
inventory with new qualitative techniques.
The paradox of the search reveals the growing need of phosphate
derivatives, and to develop its usage in Agriculture and other consumer
goods. However, the manufacturing of the raw phosphate products is still
under the requested demand which requi
res importing to reimburse the
shortage in spite of the fact that the raw materials are exported in a very
low additional cost.
The search aims to identifying the geographic distribution of Phosphate
in Syria and the possibility of investing it, identifying its characteristics
and its economic value, coefficient of correlation between production and
consumption, and observing the future horizons of a rational investment
in it.
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