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"النون و الميم" في اللغة الأوغاريتية دراسة مقارنة مع اللغة العربية في ضوء اللغات السامية
1974
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Added by
Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2007
fields
Arabic
and research's language is
العربية
Authors
سميرة الراهب( باحث )
Created by
Shamra Editor
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اللغتان العربية و الأوغاريتية تنتميان إلى أصل لغوي واحد، و ترتبطان بعلاقات متشابهة أتت إلى كلتيهما من اللغة السامية الأم. فالمواد اللغوية نستقريها استقراء دقيقاً من النصوص الأوغاريتية لاستخلاص جميع الظواهر المشتركة و غير المشتركة، ثم نقارنها بمقابلاتها في اللغة العربية في ضوء اللغات السامية الأخرى كالأكادية، و الكنعانية – الفينيقية، و السريانية، و العبرية. و إن "الميم" صوت لغوي يؤدي في غير العربية من هذه اللغات ما يؤديه "النون" في العربية في أبواب نحوية كالمثنى، و الجمع، و في التبدلات الصوتية في أبنية الأفعال و الأسماء و الأدوات و الضمائر؛ لذلك فهذه الدراسة المقارنة بين اللغتين هي مقارنات صوتية، و صرفية، و معجمية دلالية، تم فيها تتبع للأصول القدمى للبنى الصوتية للألفاظ في اللغة العربية، و رصد "للتغيرات الدلالية" و تبيين "القوانين الصوتية" التي تضبط المواد اللغوية التي تعرضت لها هذه المقارنات اللغوية.
Arabic and Ugaritic languages both belong to one linguistic origin, and are connected with similar relations that came to both from the Proto Semitic. The linguistic materials are precisely read from the Ugarit texts in order to extract all joint or non-joint features. The comparisons and their counters in Arabic languages will be in the light of the other Semitic languages such as Phoenician-Canaanite, Hebrew, Syriac, and Akkadian languages. And since the letter “M” is a linguistic sound, which plays in other languages ( rather than Arabic) the role that letter “N” plays grammatically in Arabic language like dual ,normal, phonetic alterations, and in structuring verbs, names, articles and pronouns. Such comparative linguistic study between the two languages is indicative dictionaric and phonetic comparisons, Moreover, it is a continuation of the old origins of phonetic structures of pronunciation in Arabic Language, a rejection of the indicative alternations and an extraction of the phonetic laws that control the linguistic materials which are under those linguistic comparisons.
References used
C.H.Gordon, Ugaritic text Book, Grammar texts in translitevation, cuneiform selections, Glossary, Indices
الأبجدية الفينيقية والخط العربي، الدكتور إلياس بيطار- دار المجد دمشق 1997 م.
الأصوات اللغوية، الدكتور إبراهيم أنيس – دار النهضة العربية- الطبعة الثالثة 1961 م.
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This research is done to identify the structures of the verb in Ugaritic Language in a
comparative study in Arabic.
This study shows that the verb in Ugaritic Language is studied in terms of its
derivative “root”, its original characters “abstract
ion”, its extra characters , suffixes,
prefixes and, infix , its form and metres “inflection”, its syntactic forms , and its tenses
that it indicates.
Also this study shows that the verb in Ugaritic Language is studied by looking into
its meaning whether it is an intransitive or transitive verb. In addition to study the relations
“syntactic functions” in the Ugaritic sentence.
This study tries to settle some rules for the law of pharyngeal sounds.
These rules rely on the existent live language usages. In order to put these rules, this study presents some information about the area of pharyngeal sounds, and the view of pre
vious and more recent researchers to pharyngeal sounds. After this, the study presents pharyngeals in comparison between Arabic and Semitic languages. Later, the study proposes the existence of a general rule that applies to all members of the group of those languages; where all Semitic languages are obligated with
this rule, except Arabic, in which the rule is applied optionally. This voluntary application of such a rule in Arabic resulted in the existence of many alternative forms much more than in other languages. The study has used two methods: The descriptive analytical and the comparative historical methods.
The /n/ is an original consonant in Hebrew and Arabic, and comparative linguistic studies confirm its originality in all Semitic languages. Due to the importance of the /n/ in the vocal structure of the Arabic word, the Quranic literature allocated
chapters to study its rules. But the importance of this consonant is not restricted to phonetics only. We have found that it has effects on the linguistic and grammatical structure of the word in both Hebrew and Arabic. Therefore, our study aims to unveil the importance of this consonant and its role in the linguistic structure of the word in both languages. To achieve this we adopted the comparative linguistic approach.
Knowing the vowels in the Hebrew language is one of the most important obstacles faced by learners of the Hebrew language, because of the complexity compared to their counterparts in the Arabic language. I have worked hard, in my research, on
simplifying them, as far as possible, for the Arab recipients through comparing them to their counterparts in the Arabic language. This research may show us that most Vowels in Hebrew have similar counterparts in Arabic, but Arab linguist did not allocate an independent vowel for each case as Hebrew linguists did, which suggests to the neophyte that the number of the symbols of vowels in Hebrew is larger than the number of those in Arabic.
This research is done to study the case markers in the Ugaritic language and see the
syntactic positions of expressions in the sentence, by applying the comparatives method.
We show in this study that the noun is used in the case marked expressions
, i. e its case
changes in accordance with to its place in the sentence and in accordance to the functional
element preceding it, so that it could be nominative, accusative or object to a preposition.
And our study shows that the present verb could be also cased-marked: it can be
nominative, accusative or jussive, and that the case markers can be in this sematic
language: case markers, letters, a vowel deletion, or nun- deletion too.
Because the Ugaritic language has three symbols for the Hamza with short sounds,
they correspond to the case markers in Arabic and the case shows itself in (a) (u) and (i)
showing themselves in final position clearly. By comparing the Ugaritic expressions and
the Arabic ones we have noticed that we have three case markers, namely (a) (u) and (i).
This study alludes to the case markers common in both the language and to those that are
different too.
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