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الأفعال ذات الاستعمال المزدوج في اللغة العربية إزاء نظرائها في اللغة الإنكليزية
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محمد الخوالدة( باحث )
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يلقى تحليل و دراسة الأفعال ذات الاستعمال المزدوج في اللغة الإنكليزية و عدد من اللغات الأخرى اهتماماً كبيراً في الدراسات اللغوية. و لم يذكر أي شيء عن وجود مثل هذه الأفعال في اللغة العربية و لا ينظر إليه غالباً باهتمام، بل إن الاعتقاد السائد هو خلو اللغة العربية، على الرغم من غناها الصرفي، من مثل هذه الأفعال. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى إثبات وجود أفعال ذات الاستعمال المزدوج في اللغة العربية على غرار اللغة الإنكليزية و غيرها من اللغات. و سيتم إثبات ذالك من خلال تقديم الأمثلة و مقارنة الأفعال العربية بنظرائها في اللغة الإنكليزية. و يكشف التفحص الدقيق لهذه الأفعال من حيث الاستعمال القواعدي و المعنى أن اللغة العربية تحتوي أفعالاً من هذا النوع، و تبين كذلك وجود فوارق واضحة بينها و بين الأفعال اللازمة.
The analysis of ergative verbs in English and many other languages has been receiving much attention in linguistic studies. Nothing has been mentioned about the existence of ergative verbs in Arabic and generally it is a neglected topic. The dominant claim is that Arabic, as a highly inflected language, lacks ergative verbs. The aim of this paper is to show that Arabic, like English and many other languages, does have ergative verbs. This argument will be supported by providing many examples and comparing Arabic ergative verbs with their English counterparts. After careful inspection of the syntactic and semantic behavior of certain verbs, it revels that Arabic contains ergative verbs and there are many significant differences between these verbs and intransitive verbs.
References used
Ackema, P. and Schoorlemmer, M. (1995). “Middles and Movement”. Linguistic Inquiry 26: 173-97.
Belletti, A. (1988). “The Case of Unaccusative”, Linguistic Inquiry 19: 1-34
Conference. Available in http://ling.unikonstanz. de/pages/home/butt/cssp05.pdf
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