Compared with his father, Sultan Mohammad the Conqueror , Sultan Bayezid II
achieved little – in the military field- on the European front. However, strategically looked
at, they were of great importance. He managed to annex both cities Kilia and C
rimean.
Doing this the black sea became an Ottoman lake. He got involved in a war against
Venice, and captured some positions; that helped to advance in the eastern basin of the
Mediterranean Sea, and in its western basin as well. on the eastern front failure was
dominant. Mamluks' forces managed in defeating several Ottoman armies. His peaceful
policies and his slackness in front of the Safavids led to the eruption of several hostile anti-
Ottoman movements, and allowed more Safavids influence in Anatolia.
Finally to Sultan Bayzid II virtue is attributed for modernizing sea and land forces.
Relying on fire arms his son, sultan Selim I succeeded in scoring decisive victories against
the Safavids and Mamluks.
The study deals with the question of the privileges of Venice in the Arabic Orient
and the development of these privileges in the Ottoman period, by understanding the
meaning of the privileges and their historical development in the Ottoman Empire
and the
circumstances that accompanied the granting of economic, religious and judicial privileges
to the Venetians, exploited by them to achieve their interests and expand their trade. The
study also deals with the Treaty of 1517 between the Ottomans and the Venetians as an
example of the positive and negative effects on both sides. This treaty is considered the
basis for subsequent treaties between the Ottomans on the one hand and the Venetians and
the European countries on the other.
