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Military Activity in The Ottoman Empire In the Reign of Sultan Bayezid II ( 1481-1512 )

النشاط العسكري في الدولة العثمانية في عهد السلطان بايزيد الثاني (886-918ﻫ/1481-1512م)

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 Publication date 2017
  fields History
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Compared with his father, Sultan Mohammad the Conqueror , Sultan Bayezid II achieved little – in the military field- on the European front. However, strategically looked at, they were of great importance. He managed to annex both cities Kilia and Crimean. Doing this the black sea became an Ottoman lake. He got involved in a war against Venice, and captured some positions; that helped to advance in the eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea, and in its western basin as well. on the eastern front failure was dominant. Mamluks' forces managed in defeating several Ottoman armies. His peaceful policies and his slackness in front of the Safavids led to the eruption of several hostile anti- Ottoman movements, and allowed more Safavids influence in Anatolia. Finally to Sultan Bayzid II virtue is attributed for modernizing sea and land forces. Relying on fire arms his son, sultan Selim I succeeded in scoring decisive victories against the Safavids and Mamluks.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تناولت الدراسة النشاط العسكري للدولة العثمانية في عهد السلطان بايزيد الثاني (886-918هـ/1481-1512م). على الرغم من أن إنجازاته العسكرية على الجبهة الأوروبية كانت أقل مقارنة بوالده، إلا أنها كانت ذات أهمية استراتيجية. نجح في ضم مدينتي كيلي وآق كرمان، مما جعل البحر الأسود بحيرة عثمانية. كما خاض حربًا مع البندقية واستولى على مواقع ساعدت في التقدم في البحر المتوسط. على الجبهة الشرقية، كانت القوات المملوكية تسيطر وتمكنت من هزيمة عدة جيوش عثمانية. سياسته السلمية وتقاعسه أمام الصفويين أدت إلى زيادة نفوذهم في الأناضول. يعود الفضل للسلطان بايزيد الثاني في تحديث القوات البرية والبحرية، مما مكن ابنه السلطان سليم الأول من تحقيق انتصاراته الحاسمة ضد الصفويين والمماليك.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: على الرغم من أن الدراسة تقدم نظرة شاملة على النشاط العسكري في عهد السلطان بايزيد الثاني، إلا أنها تفتقر إلى تحليل أعمق للأسباب الداخلية التي أدت إلى تقاعسه أمام الصفويين. كما أن التركيز الكبير على الإنجازات العسكرية يغفل الجوانب الاجتماعية والاقتصادية التي قد تكون أثرت على قراراته. كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر توازنًا إذا تناولت تأثير هذه العوامل بشكل أكبر.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الإنجازات العسكرية الرئيسية للسلطان بايزيد الثاني على الجبهة الأوروبية؟

    نجح السلطان بايزيد الثاني في ضم مدينتي كيلي وآق كرمان، مما جعل البحر الأسود بحيرة عثمانية. كما خاض حربًا مع البندقية واستولى على مواقع ساعدت في التقدم في البحر المتوسط.

  2. ما هي أسباب فشل السلطان بايزيد الثاني على الجبهة الشرقية؟

    كانت القوات المملوكية تسيطر وتمكنت من هزيمة عدة جيوش عثمانية. كما أن سياسته السلمية وتقاعسه أمام الصفويين أدت إلى زيادة نفوذهم في الأناضول.

  3. كيف ساهم السلطان بايزيد الثاني في تحديث القوات العثمانية؟

    يعود الفضل للسلطان بايزيد الثاني في تحديث القوات البرية والبحرية، مما مكن ابنه السلطان سليم الأول من تحقيق انتصاراته الحاسمة ضد الصفويين والمماليك.

  4. ما هي الأهمية الاستراتيجية لضم مدينتي كيلي وآق كرمان؟

    ضم مدينتي كيلي وآق كرمان جعل البحر الأسود بحيرة عثمانية، مما ساهم في تعزيز السيطرة العثمانية على المنطقة وفتح الطريق أمام التوسع في بولونية والمجر.


References used
AGOSTON ,G AND MASTERS , B . Encyclopedia Of The Ottoman Empire. Facts On File , New York , 2004
DIMITRIADOU, A . The Reign Of Bayezid II . The University Of Edinburgh, 2000
GOFFMAN , D , The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe , Cambridge University Press, 2004
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