Doumna : a term that is heard mostly, but majority of people have no idea about its
literal meaning , when did it arise ? how and what are the reasons of its inception ?
The term Doumna is originally derived from the Persian language , which means
"
two " , nma ( two types ) . Although their followers converted to Islam , they remained
faithful to their Judaism secretly as religion , ideology and political thought.
This search will illustrate who are the Jews of Doumna as a Zionist Jewish
community that appeared in 1664 AD , due to the persecution and expulsion from Europe
that they had faced during the reign of the king , Ferinand of Spain .
In addition to their role in the Othoman Empire , starting with the appointment of the
Othoman Sultans to their isolation .
Also , their role in running the affairs of the country especially the financial ones
because they were professionals and experts in the field of trade and banking .
Finally , the Jewish of Doumna are the true founders of the Zionist movement and
the idea of making Palestine a national homeland for them .
The ruling Fatimid Caliph, Alhakm by-Amr Allah, is one of the most closed political
figures in the history of Islamic Egypt. The " Alhakm " did not do much to govern himself
until he issued many extraordinary social "records" and renounced the reli
gious tolerance
of his Fatimid caliphs He issued a number of records limiting their religious freedom, but
the " Alhakm " did not continue this policy towards the people of the Dhimah, But issued
four years before his disappearance (411 AH/1020AD) several decrees to free the freedom
of worship for Christians and Jews.
