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Environmental and Geographical Distribution of Geographical (Capparidaceae) Capparis Spinosa L. in Syria

التوزع الجغرافي و البيئي لنبات القبار الشوكي (Capparis spinosa L.(Capparidaceae في سورية

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 Publication date 2014
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Research was carried out in (24) locations where two subspecies Capparis spinosa were recorded in Syria . The subspecie C. spinosa subsp. rupestris was found in seven locations, mostly in the southern region of the environment, while he found the Syrian C. spinosa subsp. spinosa in seventeen of the study sites in Syria. Chemical analysis showed that, the soils of all location were not salty and pH ranged between (6.9-8.4), Soils texture was clayey and clay loam in most locations. According dependant on equation of Emberger, it was found that distribution of subspecies Capparis spinosa were located in a wide range from bioclimatic very dry to semi- humid zone, through with dry, semi-dry, and Hyper humid zones.


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Research summary
تناول البحث دراسة التوزع الجغرافي والبيئي لنبات القبار الشوكي (Capparis spinosa L.) في سوريا. تم إجراء الدراسة في 24 موقعاً مختلفاً، حيث تم تحديد نوعين فرعيين من القبار: C. spinosa subsp. rupestris وC. spinosa subsp. spinosa. وجد النوع الأول في سبعة مواقع أغلبها في الجنوب السوري، بينما وجد النوع الثاني في 17 موقعاً. أظهرت نتائج التحليل الكيميائي أن جميع الترب غير متملحة، وتراوحت قيمة pH التربة بين 6.9 و8.4، وكانت التربة في أغلب المواقع طينية أو طينية طميية. استناداً إلى معادلة Emberger المطرية الحرارية، تبين أن توزيع الأنواع الفرعية يمتد من الطابق البيومناخي الجاف جداً إلى الرطب جداً. تهدف الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على أهمية الحفاظ على الأصول الوراثية للنباتات البرية، خاصة تلك المستخدمة في الطب الشعبي، نظراً لتعرضها للتدهور والاقتراب من الانقراض بسبب الأنشطة البشرية المختلفة.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة مهمة جداً في مجال علم النبات والحفاظ على التنوع البيولوجي في سوريا. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض النقد البناء لتحسين البحث في المستقبل. أولاً، كان من الممكن توسيع نطاق الدراسة ليشمل المزيد من المواقع في سوريا للحصول على صورة أكثر شمولية لتوزع النبات. ثانياً، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى تأثير التغيرات المناخية المستقبلية على توزيع النبات، وهو موضوع حيوي في ظل التغيرات المناخية العالمية. أخيراً، كان من الممكن تعزيز الدراسة بمزيد من البيانات الجزيئية والوراثية لتقديم فهم أعمق للتنوع الوراثي بين الأنواع الفرعية المختلفة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الأنواع الفرعية لنبات القبار الشوكي التي تم تحديدها في الدراسة؟

    تم تحديد نوعين فرعيين لنبات القبار الشوكي: C. spinosa subsp. rupestris وC. spinosa subsp. spinosa.

  2. ما هي خصائص التربة في المواقع التي تم دراستها؟

    أظهرت نتائج التحليل الكيميائي أن جميع الترب غير متملحة، وتراوحت قيمة pH التربة بين 6.9 و8.4، وكانت التربة في أغلب المواقع طينية أو طينية طميية.

  3. ما هي الطوابق البيومناخية التي ينتشر فيها نبات القبار الشوكي في سوريا؟

    ينتشر نبات القبار الشوكي في نطاق يمتد من الطابق البيومناخي الجاف جداً إلى الرطب جداً.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي خلصت إليها الدراسة؟

    أوصت الدراسة بتشجيع زراعة تحت النوع C. spinosa subsp. spinosa في المناطق شديدة الجفاف، نظراً لتحمله الحرارة وقلة الأمطار، مع التشديد على عدم زراعته في المناطق الأخرى الصالحة لغيره من الزراعات.


References used
Emberger,L. A biogeographical classification of climates Research and work of Laboratory of Geology, Botany and Zoology Eds Faculty of Science Montpellier France 7 1966
Jafri, S. and S.Ali. Capparaceae. Pp. 1–20 in S. Jafri &S. Ali (editors), Flora of Libya, Vol. XII. Al Faateh University, Tripoli.1977
Mouterde, P.Nouvelle Flora du Liban et de la Syria. Tom2, Dar el- Marcherq,Editeurs,Liban. 1970
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Ecological and morphological characterization and geographical distribution of caper plant, Capparis spinosa L. samples collected from various parts of Syria were investigated during 2010-2014. The antioxidant contents of caper samples were analyzed and the genetic diversity and genetic relationship among the samples were determined using the ISSR technique
This present study was conducted to develop a detailed in vitro propagation system for the medicinal shrub Capparis spinosa L. Single nodes with one bud and a small part of stem of 1-1.5 cm long were used as initial explants which were collected f rom a shrubs grown under field conditions at Damascus suburb., (Doumar). Explants were surface-disinfected by 70% Ethanol for 1 min., followed by immersion in Sodium Hypochlorite or HgCl2 for different periods and concentrations with 1 drop of Tween 20 for 100 ml disinfectant solution, where after, they were placed onto MS basal medium containing a combination of growth regulators at different concentrations (BA at 4.44 or 8.88 μM) each with IBA 0.49 μM. Cultures were incubated in the growth room at 23±1 c and light intensity of 3000 lux at the cultures level. Multiplication rate of 25.17-fold from one explant was achieved every 4 weeks on the optimal MS medium (MS+8.88μM BA+0.49μM IBA). The described method has potential to produce large numbers of plantlets within a short period of time to expand its cultivation for medicinal uses.
Flower buds of capers were processed by some common methods as pickling, salting, and other uncommon like freezing with and without blanching and canning. The results showed that there was no microbiological growth in all methods since the fourth month of storage. Best growth for lactobacillus bacteria was in 5% brine (8.2 × 106) and then in 8% brine (1.2 × 106)CFU.g-1 . while there wasn’t any growth of this bacteria by using other methods like using high concentration of salt 23%. On other hand, the results showed that this bacteria existed in small account (1.4 × 102) and (1.1 × 102) CFU.g-1 after a week in brine 16% and the freezed sample respectively. There was no statistical difference between the two storage solutions as there wasn̓ t any microbiological growth in both of them through 8 months.
Samples of Capparis spinosa plant were collected from 6 sites in Aleppo and Lattakia provinces. The genetic variations were studied using the AFLP technique in order to determine the genotypes of the studied types using 3 primers, which showed ampl ification. Statistical analyses were conducted using the dissimilarity coefficient and genetic diversity coefficient. The A.C.P. and the statistical -F were calculated, and the similarity dendrogram was constructed. The results showed the following: The presence of a certain number of specific alleles (descriminates) for each province. The presence of genetic and reproductive isolation deterrent to gene flow between the two provinces. The heterozygoty average was a little higher in Lattakia (0.486) than in Aleppo (0.481). The mean of genetic diversity coefficient of primers and individuals was a little higher in Aleppo (0.677) than in Lattakia (0.653). The population mean was very close: (0.759) in Aleppo and (0.760) in Lattakia. This may be explained on the basis of silent and specific alleles due to deletion mutations, different selective effects as well as the reproduction system in the two cities. The greatest genetic distance in Aleppo was (0.381) noted between (Al Dahea and Al Shekh saaed), and in Lattakia (0.38) noted between (Al Amroniah and Jabla). However, the greatest genetic similarity in Aleppo was (0.637) noted between (Al Shekh Saaed and Turkman Bareh), and in Lattakia (0.675) noted between (Wata Deirzenon and Jabla). The variation between these values was graduated. The study of statistical –F showed the effect of the similarity factor in some populations. This was more significant in Aleppo than in Lattakia, which indicates that the reproduction system is more closed in Aleppo, and this refers as well to inbreeding or self pollination which showed high genetic variations in these populations when compared with Lattakia. The results of this study helped in determining primers that can be used as molecular markers in a breeding program for Capparis spinosa as a medicinal plant. This technique showed high efficiency in studying the similarity relationships between these two cities.

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