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Register a new userA study on in vitro micropropagation of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) using tissue culture techniques
دراسة حول الإكثار الخضري لنبات القبار الشائك Capparis spinosa L. باستخدام تقانة زراعة الأنسجة
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سليم حسين زيد( باحث )
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جرت من خلال هذه الدراسة محاولة وضع طريقة مفصلة للإكثار الخضري في الزجاج لنبات القبـار الشائك spinosa Capparis ،حيث استخدمت عقل ساقية (برعم واحد مع جزء صغير من الساق بطول يراوح بين 1 و 5.1 سم)، و ذلك من نباتات قبار من منطقة ريف دمشق (دمر). أُجريت عمليـة التطهيـر السطحي للأجزاء النباتية باستخدام الكحول 70 % و هيبوكلوريت الصوديوم (بتركيز 25.5 %كمادة فعالة) أو ثنائي كلوريد الزئبق بتراكيز و أزمنة مختلفة مع إضافة قطرة واحدة من محلول توين 20 لكل 100 مل من محاليل التعقيم. بعد ذلك زرعت الأجزاء النباتية علـى وسـط (MS (Skoog and Murashige . و بعد نجاح الزراعات التأسيسية، نقلت العينات من أجل الإكثار إلى وسط (MS) المضاف إليـه البنزيـل أدنين (BA) بتركيز 44.4 أو 88.8 ميكرومولاً و إندول حمض الزبدة (IBA) بتركيز 49.0 ميكرومولاً. حضنت الزراعات بدرجة حرارة 1±23 مº و بشدة ضوئية نحو 3000 لوكس على مـستوى الزراعـات. وكان أفضل وسط للإكثار (MS) المحتوي على 88.8 ميكرومولاً من الـ BA ، و قد بلغ معدل الإكثار على نمـواً 25.17 واحـد بـرعم من بدءاً MS+8.88µM BA+0.49µM IBA) المثالي المغذي الوسط خضرياً جديداً كل أربعة أسابيع. إن الطريقة الموصوفة لها الإمكانية الواعدة في إنتاج أعداد كبيرة من النباتات خلال مـدة قـصيرة؛ و ذلك للاستفادة منها في المجالات الطبية و الغذائية.
This present study was conducted to develop a detailed in vitro propagation system for the medicinal shrub Capparis spinosa L. Single nodes with one bud and a small part of stem of 1-1.5 cm long were used as initial explants which were collected from a shrubs grown under field conditions at Damascus suburb., (Doumar). Explants were surface-disinfected by 70% Ethanol for 1 min., followed by immersion in Sodium Hypochlorite or HgCl2 for different periods and concentrations with 1 drop of Tween 20 for 100 ml disinfectant solution, where after, they were placed onto MS basal medium containing a combination of growth regulators at different concentrations (BA at 4.44 or 8.88 μM) each with IBA 0.49 μM. Cultures were incubated in the growth room at 23±1 c and light intensity of 3000 lux at the cultures level. Multiplication rate of 25.17-fold from one explant was achieved every 4 weeks on the optimal MS medium (MS+8.88μM BA+0.49μM IBA). The described method has potential to produce large numbers of plantlets within a short period of time to expand its cultivation for medicinal uses.
References used
Aslanturk, O. S. and Tulay, A. C. (2009). Genotoxic and Antimutagenic Effects of Capparis spinsoma L. on the Allium cepa L. Root Tip Merstem Cells. Caryologia, vol . 62, no. 2: pp: 114- 123
Baebera G & Di Lorenzo L. (1982). La coltura specializzata del cappero nella isola di pantelleriainformatore. Agrario, 32:22113-22117
Bonina F., Puglia C., Ventura D., Aquino R., Tortora S., Sacchi A., Saija A., Tomanio A., Pellegrino M. L., De Carparis P. (2002). In vitro antioxidant and in vivo pbotoprotectine effects of lypbilized extract of capparis spinosa L. buds. Journal of Cos metric Science 53:321-335
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Research was carried out in (24) locations where two subspecies Capparis spinosa
were recorded in Syria . The subspecie C. spinosa subsp. rupestris was found in seven
locations, mostly in the southern region of the environment, while he found the S
yrian C.
spinosa subsp. spinosa in seventeen of the study sites in Syria. Chemical analysis showed
that, the soils of all location were not salty and pH ranged between (6.9-8.4), Soils texture
was clayey and clay loam in most locations. According dependant on equation of
Emberger, it was found that distribution of subspecies Capparis spinosa were located in a
wide range from bioclimatic very dry to semi- humid zone, through with dry, semi-dry,
and Hyper humid zones.
In this study, we used plant tissue culture techniques for micropropagation
of the endangered Red Doumani cultivar. The explants which were the apex
tips and axillary buds (0.5-1 cm) have been cultured on the free of hormones
initial medium WPM (W
oody plant medium), then moved to the
micropropagation media. The results showed that the medium containing 4.44
mM BA + 0.58 mM IAA had the best effect on number of new shoots formed
(2.6) and the growth started after 9.22 days, the best elongation was on the
medium supplemented with 4.6 mM KIN + 0.58 mM IAA and the rate of
multiplication reached 5.15 shoots.
Samples of Capparis spinosa plant were collected from 6 sites in Aleppo and Lattakia
provinces. The genetic variations were studied using the AFLP technique in order to determine the
genotypes of the studied types using 3 primers, which showed ampl
ification. Statistical analyses
were conducted using the dissimilarity coefficient and genetic diversity coefficient. The A.C.P. and
the statistical -F were calculated, and the similarity dendrogram was constructed. The results
showed the following:
The presence of a certain number of specific alleles (descriminates) for each province.
The presence of genetic and reproductive isolation deterrent to gene flow between the two
provinces.
The heterozygoty average was a little higher in Lattakia (0.486) than in Aleppo (0.481). The
mean of genetic diversity coefficient of primers and individuals was a little higher in Aleppo
(0.677) than in Lattakia (0.653). The population mean was very close: (0.759) in Aleppo and
(0.760) in Lattakia. This may be explained on the basis of silent and specific alleles due to deletion
mutations, different selective effects as well as the reproduction system in the two cities.
The greatest genetic distance in Aleppo was (0.381) noted between (Al Dahea and Al Shekh
saaed), and in Lattakia (0.38) noted between (Al Amroniah and Jabla). However, the greatest
genetic similarity in Aleppo was (0.637) noted between (Al Shekh Saaed and Turkman Bareh), and
in Lattakia (0.675) noted between (Wata Deirzenon and Jabla). The variation between these values
was graduated.
The study of statistical –F showed the effect of the similarity factor in some populations.
This was more significant in Aleppo than in Lattakia, which indicates that the reproduction system
is more closed in Aleppo, and this refers as well to inbreeding or self pollination which showed
high genetic variations in these populations when compared with Lattakia.
The results of this study helped in determining primers that can be used as molecular
markers in a breeding program for Capparis spinosa as a medicinal plant. This technique showed
high efficiency in studying the similarity relationships between these two cities.
Flower buds of capers were processed by some common methods as pickling,
salting, and other uncommon like freezing with and without blanching and canning. The
results showed that there was no microbiological growth in all methods since the fourth
month of storage. Best growth for lactobacillus bacteria was in 5% brine (8.2 × 106) and
then in 8% brine (1.2 × 106)CFU.g-1 . while there wasn’t any growth of this bacteria by
using other methods like using high concentration of salt 23%. On other hand, the results
showed that this bacteria existed in small account (1.4 × 102) and (1.1 × 102) CFU.g-1
after a week in brine 16% and the freezed sample respectively. There was no statistical
difference between the two storage solutions as there wasn̓ t any microbiological growth in
both of them through 8 months.
هدف هذا البحث إلى إجراء التوصيف المظهري ودراسة درجة القرابة والتباين بين عدد من الطرز المحلية من التوليب (27) وتحديد عددها الصبغي
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