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3D modeling of archeological sites using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

النمذجة ثلاثية الأبعاد للمواقع الأثرية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية

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 Publication date 2015
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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3D models of historical sites and monuments are very interesting in archaeology and digital tourism fields. These models help archeologists document historical sites and analyze the relationships between their components. Moreover, 3D models constitute an attractive factor that encourages visiting sites and presents virtual information about cultural heritage. In this paper, we propose an approach that uses capabilities of CAD (Computer Aided Design) and GIS (Geographic Information System) systems to construct spatial and semantic database for historical sites and modeling them in 3D. Users of the mentioned database can use it to gather information about sites and to navigate across them via the animation capabilities in GIS. The proposed ideas will be applied on the historical site of Ras-SHAMRA in Lattakia. Spatial data concerning the site will be acquired form a topographic plan designed in 2004. These data will then be processed and introduced into GIS environment. ArcGIS software will be used to achieve an Archeological Information System (AIS) for the site and to construct a 3D model of the site and the royal palace.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة أهمية النماذج ثلاثية الأبعاد للمواقع الأثرية في مجالات علم الآثار والسياحة الرقمية. تهدف إلى اقتراح منهجية لاستخدام نظم التصميم بمعونة الحاسب ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية لبناء قاعدة بيانات مكانية ودلالية للمواقع الأثرية ونمذجتها بالأبعاد الثلاثة. تم تطبيق هذه المنهجية على موقع رأس شمرا الأثري في محافظة اللاذقية باستخدام بيانات طبوغرافية من عام 2004 وبرنامج ArcGIS. النتائج تشير إلى إمكانية استخدام هذه النماذج في توثيق المواقع الأثرية وتحليلها وتقديمها بشكل جذاب للسياح، بالإضافة إلى دورها في حماية المواقع الأثرية من التخريب الطبيعي والبشري.
Critical review
تعد هذه الدراسة خطوة مهمة في مجال توثيق المواقع الأثرية باستخدام التكنولوجيا الحديثة، إلا أنها تفتقر إلى بعض الجوانب التي قد تعزز من قيمتها العلمية. على سبيل المثال، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى التحديات التقنية التي قد تواجه تطبيق هذه المنهجية في مواقع أثرية أخرى ذات طبيعة مختلفة. كما أن الدراسة لم تقدم تحليلًا عميقًا للتكاليف المرتبطة بتطبيق هذه التكنولوجيا ومدى جدواها الاقتصادية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تضمنت مقارنات مع منهجيات أخرى مستخدمة في توثيق المواقع الأثرية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي أهمية النماذج ثلاثية الأبعاد في علم الآثار؟

    تساعد النماذج ثلاثية الأبعاد في توثيق المواقع الأثرية وتحليل العلاقات بين مكوناتها، مما يساهم في فهم أعمق لتاريخ وحضارة الأمم.

  2. كيف يمكن أن تساهم النماذج ثلاثية الأبعاد في السياحة الرقمية؟

    تتيح النماذج ثلاثية الأبعاد للسياح زيارة المواقع الأثرية والاطلاع على التراث الثقافي عن بعد بشكل افتراضي، مما يعزز من جاذبية هذه المواقع.

  3. ما هي البيانات المستخدمة في نمذجة موقع رأس شمرا الأثري؟

    تم استخدام بيانات طبوغرافية من عام 2004، بيانات ارتفاعية، وصور فضائية من Google Earth، بالإضافة إلى بيانات وصفية تتعلق بالمنشآت الأثرية.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي خلصت إليها الدراسة؟

    توصي الدراسة باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية كأداة فعالة في التوثيق ثلاثي الأبعاد للمواقع الأثرية، مع التأكيد على تكاملها مع تقنيات التوثيق الأخرى.


References used
DURAN, Z., TOZ, G., Integration of GIS for Cultural Heritage Documentation, XXX IAHS World Congress on Housing, Housing Construction, An Interdisciplinary Task, September 9-13, Portekiz, 2002, Vol.I,.597-605
MEYER, É., GRUSSENMEYER, P., PERRIN J., DURAND, A., DRAP, P.. Intra-site Level Cultural Heritage Documentation: Combination of Survey, Modeling and Imagery Data in a Web Information System. The 7th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Short Presentations VAST, 2006. 15
TOZ, G., DURAN, Z., Documentation and Analysis of Cultural Heritage by Photogrammetric Methods and GIS. Civil Engineering Faculty. Istanbul, Turkey, 2000. 12
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